她们鼻子那么挺，为什么还要整？
本期导读
为什么要整形？伊朗女性的回答是，反抗。自79年后，伊朗政府要求女性戴头巾。执行更严的地区，女性只能露出脸，身体都藏在头巾、衣裙之中。伊朗女性热衷于整鼻子，那是她们唯一外露的部分。原文的nose job是指鼻子整形。在中文语境里，常常翻译成“隆鼻”。但对于伊朗女性而言，鼻子整形不一定是隆鼻。
正文
本文选自 Los Angeles Times
翻译：黄紫晶
校对：李林治
笔记：徐 唱
策划：朱宇晴
From L.A. to Tehran, nose jobs are a rite of passage and a quiet rebellion for many Persian women
从洛杉矶到德黑兰，鼻子整形既是人生仪式，也是众多波斯女人的无声反抗
Growing up in Los Angeles, Jasmine Yahid thought a lot about her nose. Too big, with a bump that drew attention, she felt.
在洛杉矶长大的贾思敏·亚何德为自己的鼻子伤透了神。她觉得自己鼻子太大，高高隆起的一块过于醒目。
So Yahid decided to undergo what has become a rite of passage for many modern women of Iranian descent: She went under the knife.
于是亚何德决定做鼻子整形，而这对于许多有着伊朗血统的现代女性来说，已成为了一场重要仪式。
Although an Angeleno, the 25-year-old retail employee was following a tradition that has gained momentum since the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
鼻子整形手术自1979年伊斯兰革命爆发后风行，这位25岁的零售业员工虽是洛杉矶人，但仍遵循着该传统。
Yahid’s parents had emigrated from Iran, where the autocratic government sees anything that smacks of Western culture as an act of dissent. In a country where women must cover almost every part of their body except their face, many have chosen the quiet rebellion of altering their nose to reflect an “Anglo American” aesthetic.
亚何德的父母离开伊朗，移民他国。在伊朗，凡是带有一丝西方文化气息的事物，专制政府都视为异类；女人必须遮住身体的各个部位，只有脸露在外。许多人通过鼻子整形进行无声的反抗，照着英美国家的审美去整鼻。
“These women, a highly educated population, are handicapped at every turn within the laws,” said Nina Ansary, an expert on women’s rights issues in Iran. “So they find ways of expressing themselves.”
“这些受过高等教育的女性，在法律面前总是居于弱势，”伊朗女权问题专家妮娜·安萨利说道。“所以她们在寻找可以表达自己的途径。”
The tradition migrated to the U.S. and now has become entrenched here — although not because of protest.
这一传统进入了美国，如今已在此生根——尽管原因并非为了反抗。
While thick eyebrows and large eyes have always fit Iranian ideals of beauty, the Persian nose, with its often steep bridge and wide shape, has long been a source of angst for many women.
浓眉大眼一直以来都符合伊朗人对于理想美貌的定义，但波斯人高鼻梁、宽鼻翼的特点长期以来困扰着众多女性。
“I wanted a nose that fit myself but was also prettier and cuter. I wanted to look Persian and Jewish still,” Yahid said. “In the beginning, I was very unhappy, but over time, I looked at my profile and was very happy with how it turned out.”
“我想要一个既适合我、又更加漂亮可爱的鼻子。但我希望看上去还是像波斯人、犹太人，”亚何德说。“一开始，我很不开心，但时间一长，我看着自己的侧脸，对现在的鼻形非常满意。”
Iran had one of the highest rates of rhinoplasty worldwide in 2013, just behind Brazil, Mexico and the United States, according to a survey by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.
国际美容整形外科学会的一项调查显示，2013年，伊朗成为继巴西、墨西哥、美国之后接受鼻子整形手术的世界第四大国。
“Women do nose jobs in Iran because it is the only part of their body that they can show in society,” said Golbon Jamshidi, a 24-year-old graduate student in Tehran who underwent the procedure six years ago. “We have to wear a scarf to cover our hair, and so we get a nose job to make ourselves more beautiful. It starts from high school.”
“伊朗的女性之所以接受鼻子整形手术，是因为在伊朗公共场合，鼻子是她们全身唯一可以露在外的部位，”来自德黑兰的24岁大学毕业生戈尔波· 贾母施德i）说道。她6年前做了鼻子整形。“我们必须用丝巾包住头发，所以我们只能靠鼻部手术让自己变美。我们从高中就开始整鼻子了。”
For Americans, such as Yahid, the pressure to change their nose remained intense.
对于诸如亚何德这样的美国人而言，让她们整鼻子的压力也一直很大。
“I had friends and family tell me, ‘Why don’t you get it done? Your nose is so big, and it doesn’t look good,’ ” she said.
她说，“我的家人朋友对我说，‘为什么不去整整你的鼻子？你的鼻子太大了不好看。’”
Jasmine Yahid is seen before plastic surgery.
贾思敏·亚何德手术前的全脸照。
The pressure can start at a very early age.
她们在很小的年纪，就背负这样的压力了。
Laila Cohen, 21, from the San Fernando Valley, got her first nose job when she was 15 and a junior in high school. She underwent the procedure for a second time last year.
21岁的莱拉·科恩来自圣费尔南多谷。15岁那年，在读高三的她做了人生第一次鼻子整形手术。去年又进行了第二次手术。
“It felt unreal. When they woke me up, I was in disbelief and denial,” Cohen said. “It was too good to be true.”
“那种感觉很不真实。当他们唤醒我时，我甚至不敢相信，一下子无法接受现实，”科恩告诉我们。“这简直太棒了。”
Cohen, a political science student at UCLA, said her mother also underwent rhinoplasty when she was very young.
科恩在加州大学洛杉矶分校攻读政治学，她说自己的妈妈在年轻时也整了鼻子。
Nose jobs have become ingrained in Persian culture. Iranian American comedians, such as Max Amini, joke that young women use breathing problems as an excuse to change how their nose looks and that Persian women at parties look the same after visiting the same plastic surgeon.
鼻子整形已经植根于波斯文化中。包括麦克斯·阿米尼在内的美籍伊朗裔喜剧演员曾戏谑，年轻女性以呼吸困难为理由来改变自己的鼻形，派对上遇到的女人都长得一样，因为她们去了同家整形医院。
Persis Karim was 18 when her father surprised her with a gift: money he had secretly saved for her to get a nose job.
彼息·卡里姆在18岁时收到了一份来自父亲的惊喜礼物：为女儿做鼻子整形偷偷攒下来的钱。
Her three sisters had all undergone surgery.
她的三个姐妹都曾动过鼻子。
Karim, 53, now an English professor at San Jose State, cried.
53岁的卡里姆现如今是圣何塞州立大学的英文教授。（当年收到礼物时，）她哭了。
“Are you telling me I have a big nose?” she remembered asking her father.
“你的意思是我的鼻子太大了？”她记得她问父亲。
“No, it’s just what everyone does, and I’m trying to be fair,” he responded.
“不，只是因为每个人都这么做，，所以我想尽量公平些。”父亲回答她。
Karim said she’s proud that she resisted the pressure to go under the knife.
卡里姆说她抵抗住了压力没做手术，对此她感到十分自豪。
But Yahid felt something different once she did: relief.
但亚何德却认为手术为她带来了另一番感觉：如释重负。
“People treat you different to a certain extent. You feel more approachable if you look better, and I dated more guys. It was nice that people forgot what I looked like before,” she said.
“别人对待你的态度多少都有变化。你变得好看了，也就觉得自己更容易亲近，我开始和更多人约会。别人也忘记了我过去的样子，这感觉真好。”她说道。
Typically, friends in their early 20s get their surgeries months apart from one another. They scour online reviews of plastic surgeons and refer each other to doctors they think will be able to achieve their desired nose.
The process isn’t cheap. Some plastic surgeons in Beverly Hills charge upward of $20,000.
通常，二十出头的女孩一般和朋友分隔几个月后便动手术。她们搜遍网上关于整形手术的评论，然后相互推荐各自觉得理想的整形医师。一场手术费用并不便宜。在贝弗利山庄，有些整形医生收费超过2万美金。
In the past, it was common for young Americans to travel to Iran during their summer vacations to get nose jobs, avoiding the watchful eyes of their peers. The considerably cheaper prices were an added incentive: In Iran, the procedure costs about $7,000.
过去，为了不被朋友同学发现，美国年轻人常利用暑假飞往伊朗去整鼻子。还有一个原因就是特别便宜的手术费：在伊朗，每场手术在7000美金左右。
A growing number of young women of Iranian descent reared in America now eschew the pinched tip and deep slope favored by Iranian women for a more subtle change that preserves their Iranian look.
现在越来越多在美国长大的伊朗女性想要的，却不是一般的伊朗女性所青睐的尖鼻头和高鼻梁，她们想要更细致的调整，以保留自己的伊朗特征。
“A lot of Persian women get more attention because of their ‘ethnic’ look,” said Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Payman Simoni.
“许多波斯女人因长得有‘种族’特点而更加抢眼，”贝弗利山庄的整容医师佩曼·西蒙尼说。
In the months before her operation, Yahid spent up to 10 hours a week researching different noses and how to prepare for surgery.
在手术前的几个月，亚何德每周要花上10小时搜索不同的鼻形以及手术的准备事项。
But she had a difficult time finding a nose she wanted. “I wanted to still look Persian and feel like myself,” she said.
但找到一个她真正想要的鼻形依旧很难，“我想看上去还是像波斯人，看上去还是那个自己”她说。
The day of her surgery, Yahid threw on her most comfortable clothes and hopped in the back seat of her parents’ car.
到了手术的那天，亚何德套上自己最舒适的衣服，蹦蹦跳跳地上了父母的车后座。
It was early morning, but she was full of energy, she recalled. She had waited years and saved thousands of dollars for this day.
她记得那天很早，自己却精神奕奕。为了这一天，她已经等待了好多年，还攒了不少钱。
It’s been more than a year since Yahid had rhinoplasty. Although she’s happy with the result, she feels she could have done a better job researching the “perfect” nose.
现在，距离亚何德手术已过去了一年多。虽然她对结果比较满意，但仍觉得自己可以找到更“完美”的鼻形。
Still, she conceded: “It would make my life easier if I could just be the ideal thing, and not feel like I have to conform.”
她还是承认：“如果我长得更好看，我的生活就会更加容易，而不是觉得自己要一味遵从。”
外媒简介
《洛杉矶时报》，创办于1881年，美国发行量最大的报纸之一，主要发行于加州，曾获得多次普利策奖。
学习笔记
【rite of passage】
n. 通过仪式：在某人的一生中，表示从一阶段进入另一阶段转折点的仪式或庆典，如从青少年进入成年
原句：From L.A. to Tehran, nose jobs are a rite of passage and a quiet rebellion for many Persian women.
例句: The prom is an important rite of passage. I didn't want you to miss anything.
舞会是重要的成年仪式。我不想你错过了。
【dissent】
n. 异议，反对
原句：Yahid’s parents had emigrated from Iran, where the autocratic government sees anything that smacks of Western culture as an act of dissent.
例句: Now is the time for Mr Maduro to unite his country, not crush dissent.
现在马杜罗先生要做的不是镇压异见，而是统一国家。
【angst】
n. 忧虑，疑惧
原句：The Persian nose, with its often steep bridge and wide shape, has long been a source of angst for many women.
例句：It is a clever thought, but may overstate the degree to which most Britons suffer from constitutional angst.
这个想法非常明智，但是这过度夸大了大多数英国人对现行体制的担心。
【denial】
n. 否认，不信
原句：When they woke me up, I was in disbelief and denial.
例句：denial of one's passion
抑制自己的激情
【ingrained】
adj. 根深蒂固的，牢固的
原句：Nose jobs have become ingrained in Persian culture.
例句：He says that music is ingrained in our auditory, cognitive and motor functions.
他认为音乐根植于人们的听觉、知觉和运动技能之中。
【conform】
v. 适应环境；使符合，使一致
原句：It would make my life easier if I could just be the ideal thing, and not feel like I have to conform.
例句：They want me to conform, to be lily-white.
他们要我循规蹈矩，做一个完美无缺的人。
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