Units7-8复习要点
重点句型
1.--Would you mind moving your bike?
--Not at all. I’ll do it right away.
2.--Could you please take out thetrash? --Sorry, I’ll do it right away.
3.--What should I get my mom? --How about a CD?
--No, that’s too cheap.
4.--What’s the best present you have everreceived? --A bike.
重点短语
1. would mind doing sth 介意做某事
2. would mind not doing sth 不介意做某事
3. turn down 调低,关小(收音机等) 4. turn up 调高
4. right away=at once=in a minute 立刻,马上
5. get annoyed=get mad 恼怒,生气
6. wait in line 排队等候
7. follow sb around 跟在某人周围
8. order food/room 订购食物/房间
10.some time 一段时间 11.sometime 某个时间
12.socialbehavior 社会行为 13.put out 扑灭,熄灭
14.Why don’t you 动词原型…?=Why not 动词原型…?为什么不…?
15.special/creativeenough 够特别/够有创意
16.too…to… 太…而不能 17.good company 好伙伴
18.give away 赠送,分发,捐给…
19.pay for… 为…付钱,付报酬 20.rather than 而不是
21.enter acontest 参加一个比赛
22.all over China/theworld 全中国/全世界
23.encourage sbto do sth 鼓励某人做某事
24.makeprogress 取得进步 25.hear of 听说
26.make friendswith… 和…交朋友
语法要点:动词不定式
不定式的形式:(to) do,具有名词,形容词,副词的特征。
否定式:not (to) do
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,即不受主语的人称和单复数的限定和影响,但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式的语法功能:
1. 作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
十分钟内完成这项工作是很困难的。
To lose your heart means failure.
失去信心就意味着失败。
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,然后将不定式置于句末。例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
2. 作表语,表示主语的“职业,职责或性质”等:
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。
He seems to know everything about this thing.
他似乎对这件事情什么都知道。
3. 作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish,ask, (would)like, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help,agree, promise, (would)prefer。如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。
He found it important to study English.他发现学习英语很重要。
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语。
I have no choice but to stay here.
除了呆在这儿我没有别的选择。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
上周日他除了修他的自行车外什么也没做。
4. 作宾语补足语,用以说明宾语的性质,身份,特征和行为等情况:
以下动词常跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语:want, wish, ask,tell, order, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force,call, wait for, invite.
I told Jeff to give up his bad habits,but he wouldn’t listen.
我告诉杰夫让他改掉坏习惯,但他不听。
5. 作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
A. 动宾关系:
I have some friends to invite. 我要邀几个朋友。
用法点津:
不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点,工具等,应有必要的介词。
He found a good house to live in .他发现一个可以住的好房子。
The child has nothing to worry about. 孩子没有什么可担心的。
如果不定式修饰time, place, way, 可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.他没有地方住。
This is the best way to work out this problem.这是算出这道题最好的方法。
A. 说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made aplan to finish the work.
我们有一个完成这项工作的计划。
B. 被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the firstto get there. 他是第一个到那的。
二、作状语:
A.表目的:
He worked day andnight to get the money. 他日夜工作来赚钱。
B.表结果:
He arrived lateto find the train gone.他到迟了结果发现火车开走了。
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
Nell went awayonly to leave his two children by themselves.内尔走了,结果只留下两个孩子。
C.表原因,这种原因状语往往跟在表示“高兴,愉快,生气,荣耀,遗憾”等形容词之后,说明之所以产生这些情绪的原因:
They were verysad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
D.表程度:
It’s too dark forus to see anything. 天太黑了,我们什么也看不见。The question is simple for him to answer.
这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。
三、作独立成分:
To tell you thetruth ,we don’t want to have you.
实话告诉你吧,我们不想和你在一起。
四、不定式的并列,第二个不定式可省略to:
He wished tostudy medicine and become a doctor.
他想学医并成为一名医生。
不带to的不定式
1. 使役动词let(让),make(使),have(使)等;感官动词see(看见),hear(听见),feel(感到),watch(观看),notice(注意到),look at(看),listen to(听)等跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但改为被动语态时,不定式前应加上to 。如:
They heard hersing in the next room.
他们听见她在隔壁的诚心房间唱歌。
She was heard tosing in the next room。(被动句)
help后面的不定式作宾语补足语,可以带to也可不带to。如:
She helped herparents (to) clean the house. 她帮助父母打扫房屋。
2. 不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略。
What he did waslose the game. 他所做的就是输掉了比赛。
3. 句中含有动词do时,but,except,beside,such as等后面to可省略。如:
Don’t do anythingsilly,such as marry him.
不要做任何的蠢事了,比如说和他结婚。
4. 句中含有不定式,后面有rather than,rather than后面省略to。如:
I’d prefer tostay here rather than go there.
我宁愿呆在这儿也不愿意去那儿。
动词不定式与疑问词的连用
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which, 及疑问副词when, how, where连用,构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语,宾语,表语等成分。
1. 作主语
What to do is a big problem. 做什么是个大问题。
2. 作宾语
I know how to use the computer. 我知道如何使用计算机。
3. 作宾语补足语
Liu Di asked her when to start. 柳迪问她什么时候开始。
4.作表语
The question ishow to get there. 问题是如何到达那儿。
注意:“疑问词 不定式”作宾语和宾语补足语时,常与下列动词连用:know, show, teacher,tell, find out, learn, decide, forget等。
有时候疑问词前可用介词,如:
I have noidea of how to do it. 我不知道如何做此事。
五.不定式的常用句型
1.It’s time to do sth=It’s time for sth “是做…的时候了”
2.There’s no (time) to do sth 没有(时间)做某事
3.It takes sb. some time (money) to do sth 某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事
4.Be 形容词 enough todo sth … …足够做某事
5.Be too 形容词 to do sth 太…不能做某事
6.be ready to do sth 乐意做某事
7.It’s 形容词 for sb. todo sth
8.be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事
9.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth 宁愿…也不愿
10.would like to do sth/would love to do sth. 常用于口语中,表示“喜欢…”
11.had better do sth (不带的不定式)“最好……”
12.Will/Would you please (not) do sth ? 请你(不要)做……好吗?
Units9-10
重点短语:
have/ has gone to 地点 到某地去了(人不在此处)
have/ has been to 地点 曾经去过某地,有曾经去过某地的经历
have/ has been in 地点 在某地
anamusement park 游乐园 a roller coaster 过山车
endup 结束 end up with以….结束
English-speakingcountry说英语的国家
anative speaker of English以英语为母语的人
suchas 例如,比如 three quarters四分之三
listening/ writing skill 听力/写作技巧
alarge popution 人口众多 a small population人烟稀少
naturalenvironment自然环境 small talk 闲聊
haveproblem doing sth做某事有问题 at least至少
thank-younote 感谢信 look through查看,浏览
sofar到目前为止 get along相处 come along (意外)来到
重点句型:
1.Haveyou ever been to an amusement park?
No, I ’ve never been to an amusement.
/ Yes, I have. I went there last year.
2.Harveyand his friend are going skating.
3.It’sa nice day ,isn’t it?
Yes, it is. I really love hot weather.
4.You’reJenny’s friend ,aren’t you ?
Yes, I am.
清单一:动词的-ing形式及语法功能
1. 动词的-ing形式
动词-ing形式是英语中较多的形式之一,它是动词原形 ing构成的。它既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的一些特征.在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。否定式:not 动词的-ing形式
2.动词的-ing形式的语法功能:
①作主语,往往说明事物的普遍性、广泛性:
Readingaloud is very helpful. 大声朗读是很有好处的。
Collectingstamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动词的-ing形式短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’sno use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。
用法点津:
不定式和动词的-ing形式作主语的区别。
不定式更强调具体性,往往有明确的时间,而动词的-ing形式是一种泛指.一种体验,不是明确的发生在过去.现在或将来的动作,更具有普遍性。
Readingis really fun. 读书真有趣。
Toread such a story is hard. 读这样一个故事真是难。
②作表语,用以说明事物的身份.性质等,此时和不定式的用法相同:
Whathe likes is playing football after class。
他所喜欢的事就是课后踢足球。
③作宾语:
Doyou enjoy listening to pop music? 你喜欢听流行音乐吗?
Weare thinking of making a new plan.我们正考虑制定一个新计划。
Iam now busy sending postcards. 我现在正忙于邮寄贺年卡。
注意动词的-ing形式既可以作动词宾语也作介词和形容词的宾语,如上面三个例句。此外,动词的-ing形式作宾语是时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,如;
Wefound it no good making fun of others。我们发现取笑他人不好。
用法点津:
如下动词及短语只跟动词-ing形式作宾语:
enjoy、finish、suggest、avoid(避免)、excuse、delay、imagine、keep、miss、consider、admit(承认)、deny(否认)、mind、permit、forbid、pratise、risk、appreciate、be busy、be worth、feel like、can’tstand、can’thelp、think of、dream of、be fond of、prevent(from)、keep…from、stop…from、protect…from、set about、be engaged in、spend…(in)、succesd in、be used to、look forward to、object to、pay attention to、inside on、feel like.
④作定语,表示被修饰词的性质、身份、用途、正在进行的行为或状态等:
Theold man has to walk with a walking stick.
这个老人只好借助拐杖走。
Thisis an interesting story. 这是一个有趣的故事。
Theman waiting at the gate is asking to see you .
在大门口等的那个人要见你。
⑤作宾语补足语,表明宾语的性质、状态或正在进行的行为:
如下动词后可跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel,found, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to,
look at, leave, catch,discover等。
Can you hear hersinging in the next room.你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
Hekept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
⑥作状语,表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果、目的等:
(While)Woking in the factory,he was an advanced worker。
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人(表示时间)。
Beinga League member,he is always helpingothers。
由于是共青团员,他经常帮助别人。(表示原因)
Hestayed at home,cleaning and washing。
他呆在家里,又擦又洗。(表伴随)
(If)playing all day, you will wasteyour valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。(表条件)
Hedropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.
他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。(表结果)
Hewent swimming the other day. 几天前他去讲话了。(目的)
⑦做让步状语:
Thoughraining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
清单二:不定式与动词-ing形式宾语的比较
1.在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语,而不跟不定式:
admit,appreciate,advice,allow,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel like,finish,fancy,forbid,imagine,include,keep,metion,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest等。如:
Hepractices speaking English everyday.
他每天练习说英语。
Headmitted having broken the window.
他承认打破了那扇窗子。
Imuch appreciate your giving me the chance.
我非常感激你给了我这个机会。
2.在下列一些动词后只跟不定式,不跟动词-ing做宾语:
want(想要) ,hope, expect(期望), wish, decide, would like,refuse, manage, pretend, demand, offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend……等。如:
Iam expecting to get a letter from my parents.
我期待着父母的来信。
Weare planning to build another research center.
我们正计划着建另一所研究中心。
3.在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语,意义不同。如:
(1)Iremember doing this exercisde before. 我记得前做过这个练习。
Remember to post the book for me. 记住帮我把那本书寄走。
辨析:remember doing记得做过某事 (某事已做过)
remember to do记住去做某事 (某事还没做)
(2)Weshall never forget hearing Jackson singing.
我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情形。
Don’t foget to give my regards to them.
别忘了代我向他们问好。
辨析:forget doing忘了做过的事 (某事已做过)
forget to do 忘了去做某事 (某事还没做)
(3)I’ll try to improve mypronunciation.
我会试着改善我的发音。
Sinceno one answered the front door,why not try knocking at the back door? 既然前门没人答应,为什么不试试后门呢?
辨析:try to do尽力去做某事
try doing(用另外一种方式)试一试,试试看
(4)Isuggest we stop working and having a rese.
我们停下来休息一会儿。
They stopped to listen,but there was no moresound.
他们停下来,听一听,再没什么声音。
辨析:stop to do 停下(某事)去做(另一件)事。(表目的)
stop doing 把(正在做的)某事停下来。(宾语)
(5)Whatdo you mean to do with your old bicycle?
打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车?
I won’t wait if it means delaying a week or so.
如果这意味着要推迟一个星期左右, 那我就不等了。
辨析:mean to do打算做某事
mean doing意味着做某事
4.在love,like,hate,prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别,如:
Doyou like to eat an ice-cream? 你想吃冰淇淋吗?
Ilike traveling very much. 我非常喜欢旅游。
5.在start,begin后面,一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别,在下列情况下,一般用不定式:
①自然界变化:
Itstarted to rain.开始下雨了。
Sonwstarted to melt as spring came.春天来了,雪开始融了。
②心理活动,在understand,know,reaside等词前面:
Ibegan to understand my mother’s feelings.
我开始理解母亲的感受了。
③begin,start本身为现在进行时:
Mother was starting tocook in the kitchen when I got home.
我到家时母亲在厨房开始做饭。
6.在allow, advise, permit, forbid等词后面,有名词或代词作宾语,用不定式作宾语补足语,如果没有宾语,直接用ing形式,如:
Wedon’t allow parking here. 我们不允许在这儿停车。
Thepolice don’t allow people to park here.警察不允许在这儿停车。
7.need,require,want译作“需要”时,跟动词ing形式作宾语,主动表示被动,相当于to be done,如:
Thewindows require cleaning.
Thewindows require to be cleaned. 窗子要擦了。
8.在一些固定表达中用ing形式,不用不定式:
can’t help doing, beworth doing, devote…to doing, look forwardto doing, be/get/become used to doing, objectto doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。
Einsteindevoted his life to making a research in science.
爱因斯坦终身致力于科学研究。
I’mlooking forward to getting your letter. 我期盼收到你的来信。
清单三:动词-ing形式与-ed形式作形容词时的区别
动词-ing形式在句中作定语,表示一个正在进行的动作,它与主语中心词之间存在着主谓关系。动词的-ed形式在句中作定语,表示一个已完成的或被动的动作,它与中心词之间存在着动宾关系。如:
Thiswas because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time.这是因为没有一台可以让人在水下长时间呼吸的机器。
Welive in a place called Gum Tree.
我们住在一个叫做桉树村的地方。
Takeaway the broken glass. 把那个被打碎的玻璃杯拿走。
Thesleeping baby is hers. 那个睡着的孩子是她的。
走进中考
动词的-ing形式做主语
1.—Did you have anyproblems in London?
—Yes,______Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings.
A.find B.found C.finding D.to find
2.—What’smade you so upset?
—_____ three tickets to the pop music concert.
A.Lost B.Losing C.Because of losing D.Since I lost
动词-ing的形式作宾语
3.Samenjoys_______ stamps. And now he has 266of them.
A.to collect B.collected C.collects D.collecting
4.We’relooking forward to ______the World Cup 2006 in Germany.
A.visiting B.watching C.looking
5.Wouldyou mind ______more slowly? I can’tfellow you.
A.speak B.spoke C.spoken D.speaking
只能跟-ing形式的动词或短语
6.“Would you mind_____ the music?”“No,not at all.”
A.turn on B.toturn over C.turning on
7.—Are you afraid of _____ at home, Linda?
—No,I’ve grown up.
A.alone B.being alone C.lonely D.being lonely
8.WhenI _____ the farm, the children have finished _____the apple.
A.reach;picking B.got;picking
C.came;pickedD.arrived in;to pick
既能跟-ing形式又能跟不定式作宾语的动词
9.—Where’s Mr Yu, do you know?
—Well,it’s hard to say. But I saw him _____.
A.was watching B.watching C.had watched D.watched
10.Sheought to stop ______ ,she has a headache because she ______ too long.
A.to work,was reading B.to work,has read
C.working,hasread D.working,read
11.Janelikes singing, we often hear her ______ after class.
A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sang
动词-ing形式与-ed形式作形容词时的区别
12.—What ____ news it was! —Yes,all of the children were _____.
A.excited;exciting B.exciting;excited
C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited
13.Thedoctor _____ a ______ boy yesterday.
A.had saved,dying B.saved,dead
C.has saved,dead D.saved,dying
中考热身
1.Listen!Can you hear the baby_____?
A.cry B.to cry C.crying D. cries
2.—Do you like sports?
—Sure,I am lookingforward to______ the 28th olympic games ______in Greece this August on TV.
A.watch;to beheld B.watching;being held
C.watching;to beheld D.watch;held
3.He askedme to give up working on this maths problem. It’s too difficult. Here “give upworking” means______.
A.go on working B.stop working C.stop tp work D.work out
4.The boy_____in the teacher’s office was found______ yesterday.
A.standing;smoke B.syanding;smorking
C.stood;smoke D.stood;smoking
5.—Do you still remenber_______ mesomewhere in shanghai?
—Yes,of course. Twoyears ago.
A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw
7.Would you mind_____me how______English words?
A.tell;torememberB.telling;remember
C.telling;toremember D.tell;remember
8.—Is Jim at home by himself?
— No. there’s another boy_____with him.
A.playing B.play C.plays D.to play
9.—Haveyou finished the work? —Not yet,
but no matter how hard it is, we’llkeep____until we make it.
A.failed B.trying C.tried D.failing
10.—Do you want to eat something?
—_____,thanks. I amfeeling sick now. I don’t feel like_____.
A.Yes;eatingsomething B.No;to eat anything
C.Yes,toeat anything D.No;eating something
联系客服