不定式作某些及物动词的宾语补足语须省去to,而作主语补足语时又要恢复to。我们先看两个例子:
1. 放学后我看见他们打扫了教室。
【误】 I saw them to clean their classroom after school.
【正】 I saw them clean their classroom after school.
2. 有人看见他进了房间。
【误】 He was seen enter the room.
【正】 He was seen to enter the room.
分析上面两个例子可知,see后接不定式作宾语补足语时,要跟不带to的不定式,但在被动语态中,动词不定式中的to不可省去。为了便于记忆,现将此用法编成一条口诀。
一、口诀呈现
不定式,作宾补,下列词后省略to;
四看看,三使役,一听一感半帮助;
若是宾补变主补,to则一定要回府。
二、内容讲解
口诀中的“四看看”指see, watch, notice和observe; “三使役”指have, let, make;“一听”指hear;“一感”指feel;“半帮助”指动词不定式作help的宾语补足语时可省去to,也可保留to。
三、即学即练
用括号内所给动词不定式的正确形式填空。
1. Tom saw them _______ (go) out.
2. Laura felt someone _______ (touch) her on the shoulder.
3. Aziz watched him _______ (go) with amazement.
4. Alice was heard _______ (make) some remarks on this matter.
5. These workers were made _______ (work) long hours in the sun.
6. What made you _______ (think) like that?
1. go 2. touch 3. go
4. to make 5. to work 6. think
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