英语单词转化、合成和派生法4

2. 后缀

（1）形容词后缀

-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkableknowledgeable reasonable

-al“与……有关的” physical, magical,political

-an“属于某地方的人” American African

-ern“方向” southern, northern,eastern

-ful/ less“（没）有……的” helpful, useful,homeless, hopeless

-ish“如……的；有……特征的” foolish childishselfish

-ive“有……倾向的” active attractiveexpensive

-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen

-ous“有（性质）的” famous, dangerous,poisonous

-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearlydaily

-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy

（2）名词后缀

-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker,visitor, professor, cooker, container

-ese“某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese

-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian,Russian, technician

-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist,scientist, communist，socialist

-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress,princess

-ment“行为或其状态” government,movement, achievement

-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness,carelessness

-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention,organization, translation

-ance/ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence

-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

-ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful,mouthful

-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility,disability, reliability

-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival,approval

-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery,honesty

-dom“处于……状态；性质” freedom, boredom

-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage,marriage

（3）动词后缀

-fy / ify“使得；变得” simplify, beautify,purify

-en“使成为……；变得” shorten, deepen,sadden

-ize“使成为” apologize, realize,specialize

（4）副词后缀

-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly,angrily

ward(s)“向……” towards, forward,upwards

（5）数词后缀

-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen,thirteen

-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty

-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth