英语单词转化、合成和派生法4
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkableknowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical,political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern,eastern
-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful, useful,homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childishselfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractiveexpensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous, dangerous,poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearlydaily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker,visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian,Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist,scientist, communist,socialist
-ess“表女性,雌性” hostess, actress,princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government,movement, achievement
-ness“性质,状态” illness, sadness,carelessness
-tion“动作,过程,结果” invention,organization, translation
-ance/ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量” handful, spoonful,mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility,disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival,approval
-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery,honesty
-dom“处于……状态;性质” freedom, boredom
-age“状态,行为,身份及其结果” courage, storage,marriage
(3)动词后缀
-fy / ify“使得;变得” simplify, beautify,purify
-en“使成为……;变得” shorten, deepen,sadden
-ize“使成为” apologize, realize,specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式,程度” freely, truly,angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward,upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen,thirteen
-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth
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