许多编码 CCT 结构域蛋白的基因调节花期。在水稻中，已经鉴定出41个这样的基因，但只有少数基因表现出对抽穗期的调控作用。为了检验附加 CCT 家族基因是否以及如何调控水稻抽穗期，我们根据这些基因的昼间表达模式将它们分为五类。同一亚科或近缘系统发育分支的基因表达模式趋于相似。我们通过 CRISPR/Cas9技术获得了整个基因家族的突变体。先前发现的控制抽穗期的14个基因中，只有4个突变体的抽穗期发生了改变，表明 CCT 家族基因在控制这一性状方面存在功能冗余。对其它4个基因的突变分析表明，OsCCT22、 OsCCT38和 OsCCT41在长日条件下抑制抽穗，在短日条件下促进抽穗。在这两种条件下，OsCCT03都能促进抽穗，并且上调 Hd1和 Ehd1的表达，这种现象以前没有报道过其他类似基因。迄今为止，至少已经鉴定出18个与抽穗期调控有关的 CCT 结构域基因，为生产特定抽穗期的水稻品种提供了多样、灵活的基因组合。
Many genes encoding CCT domain‐containing proteins regulate flowering time. In rice (Oryza sativa), 41 such genes have been identified, but only a few have been shown to regulate heading date. Here, to test whether and how additional CCT family genes regulate heading date in rice, we classified these genes into five groups based on their diurnal expression patterns. The expression patterns of genes in the same subfamily or in close phylogenetic clades tended to be similar. We generated knockout mutants of the entire gene family via CRISPR/Cas9. The heading dates of knockout mutants of only 4 of 14 genes previously shown to regulate heading date were altered, pointing to functional redundancy of CCT family genes in regulating this trait. Analysis of mutants of four other genes showed that OsCCT22, OsCCT38, and OsCCT41 suppress heading under long‐day conditions and promote heading under short‐day conditions. OsCCT03 promotes heading under both conditions and upregulates the expression of Hd1 and Ehd1, a phenomenon not previously reported for other such genes. To date, at least 18 CCT domain‐containing genes involved in regulating heading have been identified, providing diverse, flexible gene combinations for generating rice varieties with a given heading date.
Zhang, J., Fan, X., Hu, Y., Zhou, X., He, Q., Liang, L. and Xing, Y. (2020), Global analysis of CCT family knockout mutants identifies four genes involved in regulating heading date in rice. J. Integr. Plant Biol. doi:10.1111/jipb.13013
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