今日头条

“二类八词定考点”之引导定语从句的关系词
在又进行了一轮各大题型解题思路的讨论后，我们再继续归纳“二类八词”系统语言知识 ，以便同学们查漏补缺，把握增分点。在前面“二类八词”之“连词并列接从句”部分，我们讨论了引导并列句的并列连词和引导状语从句的从属连词，今天我们讨论引导定语从句的关系词。

定语从句是用关系词引导、在名词后起修饰、限定作用的主谓结构。由于定语通常是由形容词担当，所以定语从句又叫形容词性从句。关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)。定语从句的“二类八词”要点是：定从指先做成分，就是说定语从句的关系词既指先行词，又在从句中担当一定成分。

一、把握定语从句的语法特点
1. 关系词既指先行词，又在从句中担当成分。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。有时候定语从句修饰前面整个句子，如：
In the presence of so many people, he was little tense, [which was understandable].
2. 与定语从句相关的语块搭配类型是：及物动词＋宾语，介词+宾语、不及物动词＋状语，连系动词＋表语。
3. 要掌握常用的及物动词和不及物动词，常见的不及物动词有：go, leave, arrive, rise, live, fall, ...等。

二、关系词用法总表：详见图表1。
三、典型定语从句分析 分析定语从句时要将先行词放到从句中来考虑句子成分，口诀叫“辨别成分看从句”。
1. This is the house [where/in which Li Xiaolong once lived (in the house)].
2. This is the house [which/that Li Xiaolong once lived in (the house)].
在live in the house这一语块中，live是不及物动词，与in the house是动状关系，where代替in the house作live的状语。
在visit the house这一语块中，visit是及物动词，与the house是动宾关系，which/that代替the house作visit的宾语。

4. I will never forget the day [when we stayed (on the day) together].
在stayed on the day这一语块中，stayed是不及物动词，与on the day是动状关系，when代替on the day作stayed的宾语。
5. I will never forget the day这一语块中，spent是及物动词，与the day是动宾关系，which/that代替 the day [which/that we spent (the day) together]. the day作spent的宾语。

四、介词 + 关系代词 介词 + 关系代词要注意介词与宾语的搭配关系，如：
I have no pen to write with. (write with a pen)
I have no paper to write on. (write on paper)
I have no topic to write about. (write about a topic)
1. Eric the Red committed a murder, [for which (the murder) he got into trouble].
got into trouble for which (the murder) 因犯谋杀案而惹上麻烦
2. He persuaded some people to set sail west <with 25 ships>, [of which (the 25 ships) 14 made it to Greenland]. 14 of which (the 25 ships) made it，25条船中有14条到达格陵兰

归纳小结：
表时间的介词+关系代词 = when = at / in / on which
表地点的介词+关系代词 = where = at / in / on which
表原因的介词+关系代词 = why = for which
还可以这样理解：of which, about which, with which这些介词没有时间、地点、原因的含义，就没有对应的关系副词。