2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(11): 4677-4687
饲喂罗伊乳杆菌发酵型小麦对断奶仔猪的肠道形态、发酵、营养消化率和生长性能的影响
M. H. A. Le, S. Galle, Y. Yang, J. L.Landero, E. Beltranena, M. G. G?nzle and R. T. Zijlstra
断奶仔猪饲喂发酵饲料可能会改善营养物质消化率和肠道健康，从而减少腹泻。本试验将小麦用罗伊乳杆菌发酵24h后饲喂给36头断奶仔猪（初始重7.3kg）以评估其效果。发酵型小麦含14.2%的粗蛋白、0.45%的赖氨酸、7.8%的中性洗涤纤维，而非发酵型小麦含16.4%的粗蛋白、0.45%的赖氨酸和9.9%的中性洗涤纤维（均为干基）。
试验仔猪饲喂6种含水量一致的小麦型混合日粮（粉料），试验分为两个阶段：阶段1饲喂含20%非发酵型和发酵型小麦日粮一周（0-7天），在第2阶段饲喂含50%非发酵型和发酵型小麦日粮二周（8-21天）。6种处理分别为正常小麦（CTRL）、酸化型小麦（ACD）、用10%蔗糖与TMW1.656罗伊乳杆菌的发酵型小麦、用5%蔗糖和5%果糖与TMW1.656罗伊乳杆菌的发酵型小麦、用10%蔗糖与LTH5794罗伊乳杆菌的发酵型小麦、用5%蔗糖和5%果糖与LTH5794罗伊乳杆菌的发酵型小麦。第1阶段日粮提供2.5Mcal /kg净能和5.3g标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/Mcal净能，第2阶段日粮提供2.4Mcal /kg净能和5.0g标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/Mcal净能。
与正常小麦组（CTRL）和酸化型小麦组（ACD）相比，饲喂发酵型小麦组在第15天至21天显著降低了日粮消化能（84.7 vs. 85.4%）、总能（84.4 vs. 85.3%）和粗蛋白（81.8 vs. 83.6%）的表观总肠道消化率（ATTD）（P <>）。试验开始后的前7天饲喂发酵型小麦日粮的仔猪日均采食量要低于饲喂CTRL或ACD日粮的仔猪（P <>）。饲喂发酵型与非发酵型日粮的仔猪间日均采食量、日增重和料肉比并没有差异。饲喂含胞外多糖（EPS）的发酵型饲料的仔猪粪便中乙酸、丙酸、支链脂肪酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度有所增加（P <>）。然而，回肠食糜中挥发性脂肪酸并无差别。饲喂不含胞外多糖（EPS）的发酵型小麦日粮的仔猪其十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度相较同样饲喂发酵型小麦但内含胞外多糖的日粮的仔猪有所增加（P <>）。然而，饲喂CTRL或ACD日粮的仔猪相较饲喂发酵型小麦日粮的仔猪其绒毛高度更高，隐窝深度更深。断奶仔猪小肠各段绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值并无差异。
综上所述，给断奶仔猪饲喂发酵型小麦日粮并没有影响肠道形态、发酵、生长性能和营养物质的表观总肠道消化率，然而，胞外多糖可促进后肠发酵从而可能促进机体健康。
Effects of feeding fermented wheat with Lactobacillus reuteri on gut morphology, intestinal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in weaned pigs
M. H. A. Le, S. Galle, Y. Yang, J. L.Landero, E. Beltranena, M. G. G?nzle and R. T. Zijlstra
Feeding fermented feed to weaned pigs may improve nutrient digestibility and gut health and thereby reduce diarrhea incidence. Effects of feeding wheat grain fermented for 24 h with Lactobacillus reuteri were evaluated with 36 weaned pigs (7.3 kg BW). Fermented wheat grain contained (DM basis) 14.2% CP, 0.45% chemically available Lys, and 7.8% NDF,whereas unfermented wheat grain contained 16.4% CP, 0.45% chemically available Lys, and 9.9% NDF. Pigs were fed 6 mash wheat-based diets balanced for water content during 2 phases: Phase 1 diets for 1 wk (d 0–7) with 20% unfermented or fermented wheat and, subsequently, Phase 2 diets for 2 wk (d 8–21) with 50% unfermented or fermented wheat. The 6 diets were unfermented wheat (CTRL), unfermented and chemically acidified wheat (ACD), fermented wheat with L.reuteri TMW1.656 and 10% sucrose, fermented wheat with L. reuteri TMW1.656 and 5% glucose + 5% fructose, fermented wheat with L. reuteri LTH5794 and 10% sucrose, and fermented wheat with L. reuteri LTH5794 and 5% glucose + 5% fructose. Diets were formulated to provide 2.5 and 2.4 Mcal NE/kg and 5.3 and5.0 g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal NE for Phase 1 and 2 diets, respectively. Feeding fermented wheat reduced (P < 0.05)="" apparent="" total="" tract="" digestibility="" (attd)="" of="" diet="" dm="" (84.7="" vs.="" 85.4%),="" ge="" (84.4="" vs.="" 85.3%),="" and="" cp="" (81.8="" vs.="" 83.6%)="" for="" d="" 15="" through="" 21="" compared="" with="" the="" ctrl="" and="" acd="" diets.weaned="" pigs="" fed="" fermented="" wheat="" diets="" had="" lower="" (p="">< 0.05)="" adfi="" than="" pigs="" fed="" the="" ctrl="" and="" acd="" diets="" for="" d="" 0="" through="" 7.="" the="" adfi,="" adg,="" and="" g:f="" did="" not="" differ="" between="" pigs="" fed="" fermented="" and="" unfermented="" diets.="" concentrations="" of="" acetic,="" propionic,="" and="" branched-chain="" fatty="" acids="" and="" total="" vfa="" in="" feces="" increased="" (p="">< 0.05)="" for="" pigs="" fed="" fermented="" wheat="" diets="" containing="" exopolysaccharides="" (eps).="" however,="" vfa="" did="" not="" differ="" in="" ileal="" digesta.="" villus="" height="" in="" the="" duodenum="" and="" jejunum="" increased="" in="" pigs="" fed="" fermented="" wheat="" without="" eps="" (p="">< 0.05)="" compared="" with="" pigs="" fed="" fermented="" wheat="" with="" eps.="" however,="" pigs="" fed="" the="" ctrl="" and="" acd="" diets="" had="" longer="" (p="">< 0.05)="" villi="" and="" deeper="" crypts="" in="" the="" ileum="" than="" pigs="" fed="" fermented="" wheat.="" the="" ratio="" of="" villus="" height="" to="" crypt="" depth="" did="" not="" differ="" in="" the="" 3="" segments="" of="" small="" intestine="" of="" weaned="" pigs.="" in="" conclusion,="" feeding="" fermented="" wheat="" grain="" diets="" to="" weaned="" pigs="" did="" not="" affect="" gut="" morphology,="" intestinal="" fermentation,="" growth="" performance,="" and="" attd="" of="" nutrients;="" however,="" eps="" stimulated="" hindgut="" fermentation="" and="" may="" promote="" health="">
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