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校对 | Vivienne Yan、李季 |
导读 | 李季 |
6:34 Keeping the skies safe 来自外刊时文双语精析 
导读
① They should be kept in sight by their operators at all times; not doing do so is a criminal offence.
这个not doing do so is a criminal offence中的not doing do so存疑，在google上搜索“not doing so is a criminal offence”结果如下图：
而反过来“not doing do so is a criminal offence”却只有三条记录，而且都只是出自本篇文章。
如果只查“not doing do so”和“not doing so”，得到的结果是类似的，所以个人认为这里的“not doing do so”应该为“not doing so”，如有异议请在留言区留言。
② Rules alone will not stop accidents. “You cannot legislate stupidity out of the stupid,” observes Andrew Charlton, an aviation consultant. But stricter enforcement would help.
You cannot legislate (against) stupidity out of the stupid (people).这句话不太好理解和翻译，这句话中的legislate stupidity通常也做legislate against stupidity（legislate一般做不及物动词）。
直译就是“你无法通过立法手段来阻止愚蠢的人做出愚蠢的事情”或者“你无法通过立法手段来保证傻人不会干傻事”。本文翻译的是“傻逼要犯二，法律也没办法”。
③ If rules like drone registration, safety features and more public education would help curb irresponsible consumer behaviour, what of operators of larger commercial drones, such as those used for surveying or deliveries? They are already required to register with aviation authorities in many countries, and in some cases demonstrate their competence on training courses. Professional operators also have a sharper incentive to act responsibly.
what of也作what about：You use what about or what of when you introduce a new topic or a point which seems relevant to a previous remark.
and in some cases demonstrate their competence on training courses.这个句子中的on training courses容易错误理解为：“在某些情况下，无人机操作者必须展示他们开展培训课程的能力”，但是根据上下文的理解，应该理解成“在某些情况下，无人机操作者必须在训练课程中展示他们的能力”，其中产生错误理解的原因应该是介词on，我们来看看course做“课程”讲时词典中的解释：
总结：可以看出，course在做课程讲时，英式英语所搭配的介词通常是on a course，美式英语中会用in a course，然后在表达是什么类型的课程时不用of，用in/on。
另外，本公众号推送的第94期双语文章PDF精排版已整理完成，请点击导航栏“双语PDF下载”或者后台直接回复“TE”获取下载链接。点击文末“阅读原文”可查看纯英文版。
1. THE airspace over London is among the most crowded in the world. The soaring popularity of small unmanned drones has added to the congestion. After several close encounters, drone and plane now appear to have collided. Police are investigating a report that on April 17th a British Airways flight from Geneva was hit on its nose cone by a drone as it approached Heathrow airport. Thankfully there was negligible damage. But stricter enforcement of regulations and better technology are required to prevent more serious accidents.
译文：伦敦领空是世界上最拥堵的领域之一。小型无人机的日益风行使这个区域更加拥堵。在几次亲密接触之后，无人机和飞机似乎已经有点“不共戴天”之势。警方正调查的一份报道称，4月17日，从日内瓦出发的英国航空公司的一架航班在接近希思罗机场时，一架无人机撞在其鼻锥体上，所幸并没有造成什么损坏。但是相关部门应出台更严格的管理规定并研发更先进的科技，以防止更严重的事故发生。
2. The scale of the problem is unclear. Sales of drones in Britain and many countries are not counted. The vast majority of them are small. Those the size of a large insect are not much to worry about. But drones of up to 25kg are a graver threat. And the sales trend is upward. America’s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reckons consumer sales could grow from 1.9m in 2016 to as many as 4.3m by 2020.
译文：这个问题的严重性尚不明确。英国及一些国家没有统计过无人机的销量。大部分无人机体积较小，那些体型与大型昆虫一般大的不足为虑，但是那些重达25kg的无人机可就是不小的威胁了。况且，无人机销量节节走高。美国联邦航空管理局预测其销售量将在2020年从2016年的190万增长至430万。
3. Close encounters are also on the ascent. Recently the pilot of a Lufthansa aircraft flying at 1,500 metres reported that a drone passed within 60 metres of his plane as it approached Los Angeles International airport. Britain’s Airprox Board, which collects reports of incidents, found 23 near-misses between drones and aircraft between April and October last year. Of the 582 sightings reported between August 2015 and January 2016, the FAA said that over a third were potentially hazardous.
译文：航班与无人机亲密接触的现象也与日俱增。最近，汉莎航空一架航班在距地面1500米的空中飞行时，其飞行员称当飞机接近洛杉矶国际机场时，一架无人机在与之相距仅60米的地方经过。英国航空理事会（Britain’s Airprox Board）是一个收集空难事故调查报告的组织，其发现去年4-10月发生了23起这种无人机与飞机擦肩而过的事故。美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）称，2015年8月到2016年1月期间报道的582起此类事件中，超过三分之一存在潜在风险。
4. No one is sure how much damage a drone could do to a jet airliner. Steve Landells of the British Airline Pilots Association says that tests are needed to find out. Passenger jets are designed to survive a bird strike but if several are sucked into the engines the consequences can be serious. Drones may be more dangerous. They have metal components, including lithium-ion batteries, which can explode if damaged. Light aircraft and helicopters might be more vulnerable.
译文：没人能确定无人机会对喷气式飞机造成多大损害。英国航空机师协会（British Airline Pilots Association）的兰德斯（Steve Landells）说，需要通过测试来测算危害。客机的设计使其可以承受一只鸟撞上来的冲击力，但如果有几只鸟被吸进发动机，后果则不堪设想。无人机可能会产生更加致命的危害，无人机包括一些诸如锂离子电池之类的金属组件，如一旦损坏便可引发爆炸。小型飞机和直升飞机则更容易被摧毁。
5. In line of sight视线以内
Rules and regulations on operating drones are meant to ensure such worries are moot. In Britain and America drones are not supposed to fly near airports, nor go higher than 150 metres or so. They should be kept in sight by their operators at all times; not doing do so is a criminal offence.
译文：有关操作无人机的相关规章制度旨在确保消弭这些担忧。在英国和美国，无人机不得在机场附近飞行，且飞行高度不能超过150米。无人机必须始终在操作者视线范围内飞行，否则可构成刑事犯罪。
6. Rules alone will not stop accidents. “You cannot legislate stupidity out of the stupid,” observes Andrew Charlton, an aviation consultant. But stricter enforcement would help. In America, the FAA now requires recreational users to register their drones online. So far over 400,000 have done so. Users are then given an identification number for their craft. Failure to register could mean a fine of up to $250,000. Schemes to help identify drone operators are planned in Europe.
译文：仅有规章制度还不能防止事故的发生。航空咨询员Andrew Charlton说：“傻逼要犯二，法律也没办法”。但是，对无人机实施更严格的监管会有所帮助。美国联邦航空管理局现在要求娱乐性无人机用户在网上注册其无人机信息。目前为止超过40万人已经完成注册。注册完成后他们的无人机会获得一个“身份证号”。未按照规定注册的人将会面临多达25万美金的罚款。欧洲正在拟定相关计划用以帮助核实无人机操作者身份。
7. Technology can also keep drones out of trouble. Some dronemakers are installing “geo-fencing” software which programs a drone’s GPS to prevent flights near sites such as airports and nuclear-power stations as well as restricting the speed and height that they can reach. Another method is a “virtual tether”, which in effect puts a drone on an invisible leash to prevent it flying too far from its operator. Plenty of governments want geo-fencing as a condition of sale. But it would not stop the use of drones near moving vehicles, such as air ambulances, that might be a target for journalists or ghouls. Developing ways of putting up an emergency cordon is one idea. No-drone zones can also be employed; one was due to be in force over London during Barack Obama’s visit this week.
译文：科技可使避免无人机惹是生非。一些无人机制造者安装了“区域限定”软件，即通过相关程序操控无人机的定位系统，以防无人机靠近机场、核电站等地方，并限制无人机的飞行速度和高度。另一方法是使用“虚拟绳索”，实际上就是将无人机与一条看不见的绳索相连接，防止其飞离操作者太远。很多国家希望“区域限定”作为无人机的必备软件进行捆绑销售。但这种手段并不能阻止无人机在诸如空中救护飞机等移动交通工具附近的使用，因为这些可能是记者或其他对死亡感兴趣的变态者们的跟踪焦点。还有一个方法就是设法设置紧急隔离带。此外，还可设立“零无人机”区域；伦敦将在这周奥巴马来访时启用该措施。
8. Crash-avoidance technology is another area of development. A number of groups are working on small low-powered anti-collision systems, some combining sensors with machine-learning algorithms. Ross Allen, a researcher at Stanford University, recently demonstrated a hovering quadcopter avoiding stationary objects at the same time as it dodged a fencer’s foil.
译文：另一个研发领域是“预防撞机事故”技术。一些组织正致力于研究小型低功率抗碰撞系统，其中有些系统将传感器和机器学习算法两种应用相结合。斯坦福大学的研究员罗斯·艾伦最近研发了一种空中悬停航拍四轴飞行器，其可在避开像击剑者花剑一般突如其来的飞行物的同时，也可以避开静止的物体。
9. If rules like drone registration, safety features and more public education would help curb irresponsible consumer behaviour, what of operators of larger commercial drones, such as those used for surveying or deliveries? They are already required to register with aviation authorities in many countries, and in some cases demonstrate their competence on training courses. Professional operators also have a sharper incentive to act responsibly.
译文：对无人机实施注册，对无人机配备安全装置，以及对公众进行更多的教育，如果这些方法可以有助于制止一些不负责任的消费者行为，那么如何规范那些用于调查或者运输这类大型商业无人机领域呢？很多国家都已经要求这类人群在航空主管部门注册，甚至在某些情况中他们还得在训练课程中展示自己的相关能力。专业操作人员也应有更充分的激励理由来进行认真负责的操作。
10. There are alternatives to thicker rulebooks. NASA, among others, has a project under way to develop techniques for commercial operators to file flight plans and to track their craft. The drones would also be able to communicate with each other and inform other aircraft and air-traffic controllers of their position. The drones would use highly detailed digital maps, like those being developed for autonomous cars. Parimal Kopardekar, manager of NASA’s Safe Autonomous System Operations Project, says the service would also provide weather information, right down to the microclimates in a specific area.
译文：除了不断制定规定之外，还有其他替代措施。和其他组织一样，美国航空航天局（NASA）现在正在开展一个项目，为商业性质的无人机操作者研发技术，来对飞行计划归档并对无人机跟踪记录。多架无人机之间可以互相交流，并可告知其他飞机以及航空管制部门人员其所在位置。无人机还会运用一些专门为自动汽车设计的高度精确的电子地图。NASA安全自动化操作系统（SASO）项目的管理者Parimal Kopardekar表示，此项技术还可以为无人机提供天气情况，甚至可具体到某个特定区域的微气候。
11. Neither rules nor technology will stop those intent on deliberately causing harm. Terrorists might use drones to deliver bombs: although the payload is small, even a hand grenade dropped into a crowd would have terrifying consequences. Biological weapons carried as aerosols would be a greater concern. Like any other new technology, drones can be used for bad purposes as well as good. But they might also be used to detect and, one day perhaps, capture or shoot down those released by the bad guys.
译文：无论制定规定还是研发科技都无法防止蓄意伤害。恐怖分子可能用无人机运送炸弹，尽管无人机的有效负荷很小，但向人群中仅投掷一枚手榴弹后果就不堪设想。以气溶胶形式运载的生物武器更令人担忧。就像其他新兴科技一样，无人机是一把双刃剑。但它们以后可能会用于探测，甚至有一天还会用于捕获或拦截那些恶势力投掷的伤害性武器。
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