综述：全球保护物种与海洋水产养殖的相互影响

1 CSS, Inc. on contract with NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA

2 JHT on contract with NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA

3 NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA

Correspondence

Gretchen E. Bath, CSS, Inc. on contract to NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 101 Pivers Island Rd., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.

Email: [e-mail]

养殖有鳍鱼类的海洋养殖网笼

（a）水面网箱系统，（b）方形钢丝网箱系统，（c）水下网箱系统，（d）水下吊笼

摘要

随着世界海洋水产养殖的不断发展扩大，人们越来越关注海洋水产养殖对保护物种的影响。海洋哺乳动物、海龟、海鸟和鲨鱼与水产养殖设施之间相互影响的记录案例确实存在，但目前很难被发现。本文较为全面地综述了保护物种与海水鱼类和贝类养殖设施之间相互影响的研究状况。尽管海藻养殖不在本文的介绍范围内，但其与贝类和有鳍鱼类养殖仍有一定的相关性。栖息地占据、缠绕、诱捕、碰撞和行为改变等是海水养殖设施和作业对保护物种构成的主要风险。此外，某些地区养殖场作业对栖息地的间接影响，以及同一地区的多个小型或大型养殖场的累积影响都可能引起人们的关注。数十年来，养殖场的创新和最佳管理措施是由水产养殖业、自然资源管理者、保护组织和国际保护协议共同驱动产生的。本综述有助于为行业规划和允许在公海发展海洋水产养殖提供参考。总之，本文通过对现有知识进行总结归纳以期帮助推动保护科学的发展，并为管理者和本行业提供更多的见解，从而保护那些最脆弱的生物。

关键词

水产养殖相互作用，海洋养殖网笼，海洋哺乳动物，贻贝养殖用绳，保护物种，海龟

向上滑动阅览英文摘要

Abstract

As marine aquaculture expands around the world, there is increased concern for impacts to protected species. Documented cases of marine mammal, sea turtle, seabird, and shark interactions with aquaculture installations do exist but are challenging to find. This extensive review summarises the state of knowledge of protected species interactions with marine fish and shellfish aquaculture installations. Although seaweed aquaculture was beyond the scope of this review, some of the findings for shellfish and finfish aquaculture may be relevant. The potential impacts of farms including habitat exclusion, entanglement, entrapment, collisions, and behavioural modifications are the primary risks posed to protected species by marine aquaculture facilities and operations. In addition, indirect effects from habitat impacts of farm operations may be of concern in some areas as well as the cumulative impacts of multiple small or large farms in the same general vicinity. Decades of farm innovations and best management practices have been driven by industry, natural resource managers, conservation organisations, and international conservation agreements. This review is useful for informing industry planning and permitting to develop aquaculture in the open ocean. This work will help advance the science of conservation by synthesising the state of knowledge and provide managers and industry with more insight to protect the most vulnerable species.

Keywords

aquaculture interactions, marine cage, marine mammals, mussel longline, protected species, sea turtles

编译及排版：王麦

审核：乔芳、杜震宇

---本公众号得到Reviews in Aquaculture官方授权---