尼罗鳄 是一种大型鳄鱼,非洲最大的爬行动物,尼罗鳄出现在非洲以及马达加斯加岛,主要栖身于河流及湖泊之中。它们会捕食羚羊、斑马、水牛等,甚至可以猎杀河马、狮子以及人类。尼罗鳄寿命为70-100岁。
中文名:尼罗鳄
英文名:Nile crocodile
学名:Crocodylus niloticus
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行纲 Sauropsida
目: 鳄目 Crocodylia
科: 鳄科 Crocodylidae
属: 鳄属 Crocodylus
种: 尼罗鳄 C. niloticus
尼罗鳄全长2.4-5米;重量225-550公斤。雄性较大。
尼罗河鳄是非洲最大的鳄,有证据的最大个体记录来自坦桑尼亚,全长6.47米,重约1090公斤。生活在马里的尼罗鳄要小得多全长只有2-3米。
体色背面为暗橄榄褐色,腹面淡黄色,幼体颜色较淡,有黑色的斑点及网状花纹。其下颚第四齿由上颚的V字形凹陷中向外面突出。尼罗鳄非常强壮,尾巴强而有力,有助于游泳。
吻阔略呈长三角形,上颌每侧有牙齿16-19枚,下颌每侧14-15枚;躯干背面有坚固的厚鳞甲6-8纵列;四肢的外侧有锯齿缘,趾间有蹼。
它们会捕食羚羊、斑马、水牛等,甚至可以猎杀河马、狮子以及人类。
尼罗鳄拥有丰富的音域,以及良好的听力。他们的皮肤有感知能力,可以对水压变化作出反应。
雌性尼罗鳄会于沙质的河岸挖洞造巢。
尼罗鳄为全数23种鳄鱼当中被人类研究最多的一种。自公元9世纪开始,它们已经成为人类的猎杀对象,因为它们的皮于当时非常名贵。目前在尼罗河一带,尼罗鳄已经绝迹。
Nile crocodile
The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is an African crocodile and may be considered the second largest extant reptile in the world, after the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). The Nile crocodile is quite widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, occurring mostly in the central, eastern, and southern regions of the continent and lives in different types of aquatic environments such as lakes, rivers and marshlands. Although capable of living in saline environments, this species is rarely found in saltwater, but occasionally inhabits deltas and brackish lakes. The range of this species once stretched northward throughout the Nile, as far north as the Nile delta. On average, the adult male Nile crocodile is between 3.5 and 5 m (11 ft 6 in and 16 ft 5 in) in length and weighs 225 to 750 kg (496 to 1,653 lb). However, specimens exceeding 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in) in length and weighing up to 1,090 kg (2,400 lb) have been recorded. Sexual dimorphism is prevalent, and females are usually about 30% smaller than males. They have thick scaly skin that is heavily armored.
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