复制、删除和移动文件和文件夹（C# 编程指南）

以下示例说明如何使用 System.IO 命名空间中的 System.IO.File、System.IO.Directory、System.IO.FileInfo 和 System.IO.DirectoryInfo 类以同步方式复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹。

示例

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下面的示例演示如何复制文件和目录。

 

// Simple synchronous file copy operations with no user interface.
// To run this sample, first create the following directories and files:
// C:\Users\Public\TestFolder
// C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\test.txt
// C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\SubDir\test.txt
public class SimpleFileCopy
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string fileName = "test.txt";
        string sourcePath = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder";
        string targetPath =  @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\SubDir";

        // Use Path class to manipulate file and directory paths.
        string sourceFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(sourcePath, fileName);
        string destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName);

        // To copy a folder's contents to a new location:
        // Create a new target folder, if necessary.
        if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(targetPath))
        {
            System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(targetPath);
        }

        // To copy a file to another location and
        // overwrite the destination file if it already exists.
        System.IO.File.Copy(sourceFile, destFile, true);

        // To copy all the files in one directory to another directory.
        // Get the files in the source folder. (To recursively iterate through
        // all subfolders under the current directory, see
        // "How to: Iterate Through a Directory Tree.")
        // Note: Check for target path was performed previously
        //       in this code example.
        if (System.IO.Directory.Exists(sourcePath))
        {
            string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(sourcePath);

            // Copy the files and overwrite destination files if they already exist.
            foreach (string s in files)
            {
                // Use static Path methods to extract only the file name from the path.
                fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(s);
                destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName);
                System.IO.File.Copy(s, destFile, true);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Source path does not exist!");
        }

        // Keep console window open in debug mode.
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

下面的示例演示如何移动文件和目录。

// Simple synchronous file move operations with no user interface.public class SimpleFileMove{static void Main(){string sourceFile = @"C:\Users\Public\public\test.txt";string destinationFile = @"C:\Users\Public\private\test.txt";// To move a file or folder to a new location:System.IO.File.Move(sourceFile, destinationFile);// To move an entire directory. To programmatically modify or combine// path strings, use the System.IO.Path class.System.IO.Directory.Move(@"C:\Users\Public\public\test\", @"C:\Users\Public\private");}}

下面的示例演示如何删除文件和目录。

// Simple synchronous file deletion operations with no user interface.// To run this sample, create the following files on your drive:// C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test1.txt// C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test2.txt// C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\SubDir\test2.txtpublic class SimpleFileDelete{static void Main(){// Delete a file by using File class static method...if(System.IO.File.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt")){// Use a try block to catch IOExceptions, to// handle the case of the file already being// opened by another process.try{System.IO.File.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt");}catch (System.IO.IOException e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);return;}}// ...or by using FileInfo instance method.System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test2.txt");try{fi.Delete();}catch (System.IO.IOException e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}// Delete a directory. Must be writable or empty.try{System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest");}catch (System.IO.IOException e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}// Delete a directory and all subdirectories with Directory static method...if(System.IO.Directory.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest")){try{System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest", true);}catch (System.IO.IOException e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}}// ...or with DirectoryInfo instance method.System.IO.DirectoryInfo di = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\public");// Delete this dir and all subdirs.try{di.Delete(true);}catch (System.IO.IOException e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}}}