1、After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.
1). after引导的是时间状语从句。主句的动作发生在“过去”(drove), 而从句的动作又发生在主句的动作之前，也就是“过去的过去”，因而，从句要用过去完成时(had left)。
2). drive on 继续开往。（on加在动词的后面表示继续） drive to sp. 开车去某地
My heart will go on. 《我心永恒》 talk on 继续讲
3). 方位介词in; on; to。
in表示包含关系：(在内部)；on表示相邻关系：(强调“接壤”)；to表示相隔关系：(在外部）
Taiwan is the east of Fujian. 台湾在福建的东方。(台湾与福建隔海相望)
‚Taiwan is the east of China. 台湾在中国的东面。(台湾是属于中国的一部分)
ƒIndia is the south of China. 印度在中国的南面。(印度与中国接壤，是中国的邻国。)
④( )China lies ____ the east of Asia and ___ the north of Australia.
A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on
2、On the way, a young man waved to me.
on the way在路上/途中；on the/one’s way to sp.在去某地的路上；all the way (路上)一直；
by the way 顺便说； in the way 拦路； in a / some way 在某种意义上；(in) this way 用这种方式；
①Her social life got of her studies.(她的社会活动妨碍了她的学习。)
②Let's wait a few moments. He's .(咱们等一会儿，他正在路上。[快到了])
③ , has everybody arrived？(附带问一句，大家是否都到了？)
④ ，he was right.(在某个意义上说，他是对的。)
⑤They drove from Beijing to Maoming.他们一路上从北京开车来到茂名。
3、As soon as he had got into the car, I said ... to him in French and … in the same language.
1). as soon as 一......就......，引导时间状语从句, 两个动作接连进行，“一” 后的动作略先发生。
As soon as I (enter) the room, I took off my coat at once.
as soon as也常用于【主将从现】当中。
‚You must call me as soon as you (arrive). 你一到就打我电话。
ƒI (tell) her as soon as she comes back.
2).in+语言/嗓音：表示“用某种语言/嗓音”。【注意：say sth. in+语言； speak+语言】。
( ) I speak English. A. in B. × C. with D. by
‚( ) I say a word Chinese. A. in B. × C. with D. by
【拓展】“用”的几种常用表达法：with+工具/手段； by+交通工具
③( )The boy bought some books the money he has saved.
A. with B. in C. by D. for
④( )What’s this English? --- It’s called whiteboard.
A. with B. in C. by D. on
⑤( )Don’t write a pencil, you must write ink.
A. by; with B. in; for C. with; in D. on; with
⑥( )We usually go train, and we always go there the 8:00 a.m. train.
A. by; with B. on; by C. with; in D. by; on
4、Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.
1) apart from“除...之外”。根据上、下文的不同，它既可作 besides,也可作except和except for。
例如: ①Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.（= ）除了他们以外，我没有人说话。
②Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (= ）除了别的考虑外，时间也是一个因素。
③It is good work apart from a few slight faults. (= ）除了几个小毛病以外，这是一篇佳作。
2) besides表示“除......以外,(还/也......)”，相当于 . 例如:
Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry.除英语以外,他们还学数学，物理和化学。
= English, they also study math, physics and chemistry.
‚In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other students. 除(名单上的名字)外，还有......
【注】in addition to后面接名词或代词，后面没有名词或代词时，就只用in addition。
3) except 表示“除…外,(其余都…)”，常与all，every，no, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定
意义的词连用。
except 是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一, 其后除了可跟名(/代)词外，还可跟另一介词
短语、动词不定式短语或 that 引导的从句 。例如:
①He answered all the questions except the last one.除最后一个问题( )外，所有的问题他都回答了。
②I went nowhere except (stay) at the library. 除呆在图书馆以外，我哪儿都没有去。
试比较:
③We all went except him. 除了他( )以外,我们都去了。
④Three others also went besides him. 除了他( )以外，还去了三个人。
【特别注意】except, but前的主句中只要有do(含相关词形)，则其后接不带to的不定式。例如：
①He did nothing there except (watch)TV for the whole night. 他整晚除了看电视，啥也没做。
②Last night I did nothing but (prepare) my lessons. 我昨晚什么也没做，只是在准备功课。
若主句谓语动词不是do，而是其它如have, be等动词时，except, but后面的动词要加to. 例如：
③It had no effect except (make) him angry. 除了令他生气之外，它没什么效果。
④I had no choice but (stay) in bed. 我只有呆在床上，没什么选择。
[注]except for也表示“除......以外”，但是和except不同:
与except连用的整体词和except所跟的词常常是 的，是指整体除去一部份;
与except for连用的整体词与except for所跟的词往往是 的，是指整体中除去一个细节。如:⑤Your composition is good (except for; except )a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。
⑥ (Except for; Except ) an old lady, the bus was empty.
除了有一个老太太以外， 这辆公共汽车是空的。
5、I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, ..."Do you speak English?”
nearly 将要，when这里译为“就在此时”
reach:1).到达，抵达；同义词: ;
2). 伸手够到。【注意】表达这种意思的时候，不能换用arrive(in/at)或get to
Your letter reached (/arrived at ) me this morning.
①Can you (arrive at; get to; reach) the top shelf? 你(的手)能够到那最高的架子吗?
【注意】arrive是瞬间动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
②They have arrived here for three days. ( × ) 应改为：
They here three days . 或：They here for three days.
③What time does the train (到达) Maoming Station?
【注意】没有“地点”的到达，只能用arrive。
④When will she (arrive ; arrive at; get to; get; reach ) tomorrow?
⑤( )※She the 12:00 train.
A. reached; by B. arrived; at C. got; to D. arrived; on
6、As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
①learn 在此表示“ ”； 比较：I know 我(本来就)知道
②As+主语+动词+从句“正如......”：（As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt）
正如我们所知......：As we know, the New Concept English is very good.
③himself反身代词单独放在句尾, 起强调作用：I read English myself.
Key Structures ：过去完成时(The simple past perfect tense)
过去完成时由 had+ 过去分词构成，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，即“较早的过去”或“过去的过去”。
在用过去完成时态的句子中，常用的连词when, after, as soon as, until, by that time等：
①When I woke up this morning, she (have)her breakfast already.
②After he (say) goodbye to us all, Captain Alison started his journey.
当艾利森船长和我们大家都道了别之后，他就启程了。
③---Did you really ring the police? 你真的给警方打电话了？
---It was a mistake. I realized it as soon as I (ring) them.
我犯了个错误。刚给他们打完电话我就意识到了。
④I didn't know that she was a famous actress until you (tell) me.
直到你告诉我时我才知道她是位名演员。
常与现在完成时连用的副词如already, just, never, never…before也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序：
⑤The boys loved the zoo. They (never see) wild animals before.
男孩们喜欢动物园，以前他们从没见过野兽。
在有些用过去完成时的句子中没有明确的时间状语，但通过上下文可以看出动作发生的先后：
⑥The bus finally came. I (wait) for 40 minutes. 公交车终于来了。我已经等了40分钟。
【Special Difficulties】
一、ask与ask for：
ask v. 问，询问: ask a question/ask sb.
请求，要求: They asked Tony to sing a song.
邀请:They asked her to spend the weekend with them.
ask for 要(求某样东西): ask for the answer; ask for help.
二、except, except for，apart from 与but.
1. 三者都表示“除......以外”，有时可以互换，但except不用于句首。
2. apart from习惯上放句首。apart from=except/besides 如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整
体之外，这个人也做了（包括），是加号=besides；如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之
外，这个人没有做（排除），是减号=except；
3. 如果放在句首，统一用apart from代替except/besides 。
4. except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意，except for 可以不放在句首, 强调整体当中某一方
面除外, 剩下的整体都不错 Except for his height, he is very excellent.
5. but除了：常与no one, none, nothing, all, everyone, who等词连用。
三、which of，either of，neither of与both of : 这些短语都可用于指两个人或两件事。
either of 两者当中的任何一个；neither of 两者都不；which of 哪一个； both of 两者都。
1. 当询问在两个或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时，可用which ：
I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?
2. either与neither都是对两个人或物而言（后接单数名词）。
either指one or the other（不是这个就是那个），
either和neither后跟of时则指两个事物中的每一个
either of sb. 两人当中的任何一个； neither of sb. 两人当中的任何一个都不
3. both只指两个人或物。当它用在名词前时，of 可有可无；当用在代词前面时，其后必须加of ：
Both (of the ) books are interesting. Both of us/them left early.
【比较】none of：三者或三者以上之间都不
即时练：在下列各句中填上合适的“除......外”。
1. his nose, he is quite good-looking.
2. I'm a good boy my inexperience(缺乏经验).
3. Your composition is good some spelling mistakes.
4. his right arm, he broke his two legs, too.
5. I invited everyone to my party John. 除了(没邀请)约翰，我邀请了大家来参加我的宴会。
6. I invited everyone to my party John. 除(邀请了)约翰外，我还邀请了每个人来参加我的宴会。
7. 5 pence, I have nothing about me. 除掉5分钱之外，我什么都没有。
8. I haven't told anybody you.
9. Who a fool would do such a thing?
10. You'll have nobody yourself to blame. 除了你自己外，没有人该受你责备。
11. a slight headache, I feel all right now.(Except / Except for)
12. I like them very much so I bought them.(neither of / both of)
13. being a bit too long, the play was very good.(Except / Apart from)
14. I a question. I did not ask for an answer.(asked / asked for)
15. He could not answer the questions I .(neither of / either of, asked / asked for)
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