《洞云书屋》每周三介绍适用于中小企业电气电子创新技术。 'dy_book' introduces the innovative electric and electronic technologies applied for SME every Wednesday. （注：本文是译文，Original author: Sandor Schoichet) Light-emitting diode (LED) lighting is one of the top energy-efficient solutions for grow lighting in any indoor farming environment, lowering both the operation's direct power and climate control costs. However, higher installation costs and lighting spectra that have often proven too narrow for healthy plant growth have been serious issues with LED lighting that growers must consider when deciding on what lighting to install. 在任何室内农业环境中，发光二极管（LED）照明是最节能的解决方案之一，它降低了功率和气候控制成本。然而，LED照明安装成本过高且照明光谱过于狭窄，一直是影响植物健康生长的严重问题，种植者必须考虑照明安装方案。 A New Generation of Photonic Films 新一代光子薄膜 With the efficiency of the actual LEDs themselves plateauing, the opportunity to make substantial improvements in LED lighting comes from enhancing the efficiency of the light-conversion optics. 对于LED光照效率的改进始终不尽人意，人们开始考虑如果根本上改进LED照明来提高光转换光学效率。 Light “down-conversion” is a key phenomenon used in today’s LED lighting technology whereby high-energy (shorter wavelength) blue photons from a diode are absorbed by a phosphorescent material and then re-emitted at a lower energy (longer wavelength) in the green to red color spectrum. 光“向下转换”是当今LED照明技术中的一个关键现象，高能二极管（波长较短）的蓝色光子被磷光材料吸收，然后以较低的能量（较长波长）在绿色到红色的光谱中重新发射。 Since blue LEDs are the most efficient source of light, down-conversion is key to creating different colors by converting the blue light into other useful wavelengths, such as green and red, or even combining all colors to produce white light. Traditional LEDs have a phosphor-based down-conversion coating applied directly on the LED. 由于蓝色发光二极管是最有效的光源，向下转换是通过将蓝光转换成其他有用波长（如绿色和红色），甚至组合所有颜色产生白光来产生不同颜色的光。传统的LED有一种基于荧光粉的下变频涂层，直接涂在LED上。 Instead of a direct coating on each, blue light from multiple uncoated LEDs can be down-converted by a remote photonic film. Current down-conversion film technology employs silicon resin, using two chemical components combined with phosphor admixtures. 远程光子薄膜不需要直接涂层即把蓝色的光从多个未涂层的LED上向下转换。目前的向下转换膜技术采用硅树脂，使用两种化学成分和磷光体混合。 These films are not very efficient at emitting the desired spectra (light wavelengths) and emit heat due to index-matching losses. The creation of these films is a time-consuming process, lowering manufacturing yields and increasing cost for lighting fixtures. They also require toxic chemicals and special tools to create. 这些薄膜在发射所需光谱（光波长）时并不十分有效，并且由于指数匹配损耗而产生热量。这些薄膜的制作是一个耗时的过程，降低了照明灯具的制造产量，增加了制造成本。它们还需要有毒化学品和特殊工具来制造。 A new generation of photonic films addresses these problems. Using lyotropic materials, these films are very dense, providing better down-conversion efficiency, and are much more stable, meaning the spectra emitted will not degrade over time. 新一代光子薄膜解决了这些问题。利用溶致液晶材料，这些薄膜非常密集，可提供更好的转换效率和更稳定的发射光谱，且发射光谱不会随着时间的推移而降低。 Improved chemistry also lowers manufacturing costs by speeding up the manufacturing process and eliminating the use of surfactants and toxic chemicals. 通过加速制造过程和消除表面活性剂和有毒化学品的使用，改进了化学性能，降低了制造成本。 Unique formulations of the lyotropic chemistry provide control of the refractive index of the film to create less waste heat. The manufacturing process is easy to scale, leading to substantial economic efficiencies in manufacturing LED lighting compared to traditional LED fixtures. 用独特的化学配方溶致液晶对薄膜的折射率进行控制，减少了废物产生的热量。与传统的LED灯具相比，制造过程易于实现规模化，从而在制造LED照明方面取得了可观的经济效益。 Light-emitting diode lighting fixtures created with these films are not just simpler to manufacture, leading to lower installation costs, they are more efficient to operate and emit less heat than regular lights. This can lower both the ongoing power and climate control costs of a facility when compared to traditional LED fixtures. 用这些薄膜制造的发光二极管照明装置不仅制造简单，而且降低了安装成本，比常规照明运行更有效，散热更少。与传统的LED灯具相比，这可以降低设施所用的能源和气候控制成本。 For vertical farming applications, plants can be placed closer to the lights, increasing space-efficiency and productivity within a footprint. In addition, custom films can be created with any desired growth spectra, meaning discerning growers can ensure that plants receive the exact type of light they need. 应用于垂直农业，植物可以放置在靠近灯的地方，提高空间效率和生产力。此外，定制薄膜可以创建任何期望的生长光谱，这意味着种植者可以确保植物得到他们需要的确切类型的光。 For high-density vertical farming and hydroponics to become more efficient, LED lighting must become an economic choice to install and operate. In addition, LED lighting must become an effective choice to deliver the results growers need. Photonic light-conversion films help LED fixtures take the next step in efficiency by lowering costs and delivering the highest quality grow spectra available. 选择经济有效的LED照明安装方案使高密度垂直水培农业更加高效。种植者需要选择有效的LED照明方案，选择光子转换膜有助于降低LED灯具成本并提供高质量的生长光谱，从而显著地提高了效率。 The new technology delivers high-efficiency lighting, meaning the same amount of light is delivered using up to 25 per cent less power than current LEDs. The conversion efficiency of the film also means less waste heat is created, lowering costs for climate control and allowing the placement of lights much closer to plants. 新技术提供高效率的照明，这意味着同样数量的光使用的功率比目前的LED少25%。该薄膜的转换效率也意味着减少了废热的产生，降低了气候控制的成本，使灯的放置更接近植物。 Closer positioning increases light penetration into the canopy while allowing an increased density of plants (plants per cubic foot) in vertical farms. 更紧密的定位增加了光渗透到树冠，同时允许增加垂直农场的植物密度（每立方英尺的植物）。 Lyotropic materials are common in nature, and make up our muscles and many other biological systems. They have self-aligning properties, using only water as the key medium, and can help lower production costs by simplifying the coating and manufacturing processes. 溶致液晶材料在自然界中普遍存在，并构成我们的肌肉和许多其他生物系统。它们具有自调特性，仅使用水作为关键介质，通过简化涂层和制造工艺，可以降低生产成本。 By using only water in manufacturing process, these lyotropic materials eliminate the use of toxic chemicals that can damage the environment. Another unique property of lyotropic material is the tunable refractive index, which is an essential attribute for index-matching in optical applications. 在制造过程中仅使用水，这些溶致液晶材料消除了破坏环境的有毒化学品的使用。 另一个特点是溶致性液晶材料的折射率是可调的，这个指数是光学应用匹配的本质属性。 With precise control over the refractive index, films created with lyotropic materials allow higher down-conversion efficiency, meaning LED fixtures with lower power usage and less waste heat. 随着折射率的精确控制，具有溶致液晶材料创新薄膜允许更高的转换效率，意味着LED灯具消耗较低功率，减少废热。 具体行业、技术资讯，可关注本公众号联系获取。
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