1.祈使句定义
祈使句的主语是第二人称,常省略,以动词原形开头,句末用感叹号或句号。祈使句用于表达命令﹑请求﹑劝告﹑警告﹑禁止等的句子。
祈使句顺口溜
祈使句,祈使句,请求﹑命令或建议;
主语是you常省去,否定句首Don’t加;
要讲客气用please,句首句末没关系。
2.祈使句功能:5种功能
(1)命令Go and wash your hands
(2)请求Open the door, please.
(3)劝告Be kind to our sister
(4)警告Watch your steps.
(5)禁止Keep off the grass.
3.祈使句的构成
(1)Do型: 动词原形+其他成分: Come in;Have a seat here, please.
Make sure what they know what to do.
否定结构:Don’t +动词原形+其他成分: Don’t come in.
(2)Be 型:Be+表语+其他成分: Be quiet; Be a good girl.
Be careful when crossing the road.
否定结构: Don’t +be+表语+其他成分:Don’t be quiet./Don’t be late for school.
(3)Let 型:Let+宾语+动词:Let him come in./Let me help you.
Let him go back now.
否定结构:Don’t+Let+宾语+动词/Let +宾语+not +动词(let sb not do sth)
Don’t let him come. Let him not go. (let 开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一﹑第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在let前加Don’t, 也可在let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not)
***如果以let’s开头的祈使句,必须在let’s后加not.
例如Let’s not go out until after the rain.
4.公共场合的提示语中,祈使句否定结构 No+名词/动词ing(禁止做某事)
No smoking!禁止吸烟
No entry!禁止入内
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