主谓一致语法一致就近一致意义一致原则

高考英语悦读 08-13 10:27 大

主谓一致

1．语法一致原则

主语后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

①MrSmith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。

②I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。

2．就近一致原则

(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。

Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。

(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.

文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。

3.意义一致原则

(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。

A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on.

针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝上。

(2)“no/each/every/many a ＋单数名词＋and ＋no/each/every/many a ＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.

早睡早起是一个好习惯。