Chronic rhinitis
慢性鼻炎
Main points for diagnosis
【诊断要点】
Chronic simple rhinitis
慢性单纯性鼻炎
(1)Nasal obstruction isintermittent or altermative. Generally, nasal obstruction abates or disappearsafter physical labour at daytime or in the environment with fresh and moistair; nasal obstruction aggravates in the case of prolonged sitting at night andfatigue as well as in the environment with cold turbid air or after dirking; inthe case of a latericumbent position, severe nasal obstruction occurs in thelower side of the nasal cavity and mild nasal obstruction appears in the upperside of the nasal cavity. Nasal discharge is often muciform andsemitransparent. Rhinophonia of nasal obstruction may exist when the patientspeaks.
鼻塞呈间歇性或交替性，一般在白天，体力劳罢后，或在新鲜温湿空气环境中，鼻塞减轻或消失；夜间静坐过久，疲劳，于寒冷污浊的空气中或饮酒后鼻塞加重；侧卧时居下侧之鼻腔阻塞重，上侧鼻腔阻塞轻。鼻涕常为粘液状，半透明，讲话可带有闭塞性鼻音。
(2)Local examination: Nasal mucosais swollen, especially in the inferior nasal concha. Secretion of the nasalcavity lies in nasal floor, inferior nasal meatus or common nasal meatus.Palpation with a probe shows the concha is soft and elastic. The indentationwill appear when the nasal concha is pressed by the probe and the indentationwill vanish when the probe is withdrawn. Marked contraction of mucosa willoccur when the mucosa contacts 1% ephedrine.
局部检查：鼻粘膜肿胀，以下鼻甲为甚，鼻腔分泌物位于鼻底、下鼻道或总鼻道，探针触诊鼻甲柔软，富弹性，探针轻压有凹陷，探针移去后恢复，粘膜接触1%麻黄素后收缩明显。
2.Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis
慢性肥厚性鼻炎
(1)Nasal obstruction is severerand mostly persistent. Often, hyposmia occurs. Obstruction rhinophonia will beseverer when the patient speaks. Nasal discharge is mostly thick and mucous ormucopurulent which is not easily blown out. General symptoms may includetinnitus, headache, dizziness, hypomnesis, and insomnia, etc.
鼻塞较重，多为持续性。常出现嗅觉减退，讲话时闭塞性鼻音较重，鼻涕多呈粘稠的粘液性或粘脓性，不易擤出。全身可伴有耳鸣、头痛、头昏、记忆力减退、失眠等症状。
(2)Local examination: The surfaceof the nasal mucosa is unsmooth, nodular or moruloid, with dark red or violetred The inferior nasal concha may be hypertrophic. Nasal discharge often liesin nasal floor and inferior nasal meatus. Palpation of the nasal concha with aprobe shows hardness and fullness. Indentation will not appear when the mucosais pressed by a probe, or indentation appear without immediate vanishment. Thecontraction of mucosa is not sensitive to 1% ephedrine.
局部检查：鼻粘膜表面不平，呈结节状或桑椹状，暗红或紫红色，下鼻甲骨可肥大，鼻涕常位于鼻底、下鼻道，探针触诊鼻甲有硬实感，压之不出现凹陷，或有凹陷后不能立即恢复，粘膜对1%麻黄素收缩不敏感。
TO BE CONTINUED。。。
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