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导读
阿斯玛·贾汉吉尔的职业生涯
1.从30岁起接受律师培训并在巴基斯坦最高法院工作
2.对军事机构的批评
3.1983年因民主活动被判入狱
4.2007年因反对军事领导人罢免最高法院首席法官而被软禁
5.巴基斯坦人权委员会和巴基斯坦第一个免费法律援助中心的共同创始人
6.妇女行动论坛的共同创始人
7.巴基斯坦最高法院律师协会第一位女领导人
8.多次获奖，包括教科文组织/毕尔巴鄂促进人权文化奖和法国荣誉军团
9.担任联合国伊朗宗教自由和人权问题特别报告员
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No place to keep quiet
哪都不'安分'
本文英文部分选自经济学人Obituary版块
Asma Jilani Jahangir, Pakistan’s loudest voice for democracy and human rights, died on February11th, aged 66
贾汉吉尔在巴基斯坦发出了追求民主和拥护人权的最响亮的声音，于2月11日去世，享年66岁。
OBSERVERS of Asma Jahangir, usually male ones, would sometimes ask why she was so angry. From the 1980s onwards she seemed at the centre of every demonstration in Lahore or Islamabad, all five feet two inches of her, glasses glinting, gesticulating, shouting. She led marches, held marathons, set up awkward organisations, and in every way was a gadfly. Most of all, she spoke her mind. It might be in the bar room of the Lahore High Court, through a furious cloud of beedie smoke, or in court itself, dressing down judges who didn’t get the point, or at a police station, still protesting. Bemused by this fierce little lawyer, the men would shake their heads.
贾汉吉尔的观察员往往是男性，他们时常不明白她为何如此愤怒。20世纪80年代以来，拉合尔或伊斯兰堡的每一场游行中，身高只有5英尺2英寸（155cm左右）的她似乎每次都站在人群正中央，眼镜闪烁发光，不停地打手势、呼喊。她发动游行，举办马拉松，设立棘手的组织，在各方面都惹人生厌。最重要的是，她表达了自己的心声。贾汉吉尔或在拉哈尔最高法院那里，不管是卷烟烟雾缭绕的律师厅还是法庭上，她狠狠训斥忽略案件要点的法官，或在警察局，她也依然在抗议。那些男性在这位“小不点”律师犀利的措辞下不知所措，只得连连摇头。
But in Pakistan, how could she be silent? There was so much pent-up anger, for so many reasons. Lack of democracy. Almost total lack of justice. Duffer generals, bigoted mullahs, crony capitalists, chauvinist men. Certainly she could be a well behaved upper-middle-class woman, in elegant shalwar kameez in her wood-panelled house. But she would rather be a street fighter. Of course, she paid for it. She was bundled into police vans, put under house arrest. Her car was trashed. Hitmen held her relatives hostage. The intelligence services tried to liquidate her as a traitor and foreign agent (though her early death was natural). Every attack left her more energised than ever. When her shirt was torn off for organising a protest, she saved her modesty with safety pins and went on hectoring. Briefly in jail in 1983, she thought it a great adventure.
但在巴基斯坦，她怎么能保持沉默呢？种种原因让她的愤怒一直积压在心头，例如缺乏民主，几乎没有正义，无能的统领们，偏执的毛拉们，裙带资本主义（汉语中的"裙带现象"，最初指某人因自己妻子或其他女性亲属的关系而获得官职。后泛指因血亲、姻亲和密友关系而获得政治、经济上的利益，以及政治领导人对效忠者、追随者给予特别的庇护、提拔和奖赏。），男性沙文主义（大男子主义）。当然，她可以是一个举止优雅的中产阶级妇女，身着漂亮纱丽服，住着木制房。但她更愿意成为一名街头斗士。显然，她为此付出了代价。她被绑进警车，软禁在家中。她的车被毁坏。职业杀手扣押她的亲人作为人质。情报部门试图把她当作叛徒和外国特务杀掉（虽然她是正常的早逝）。每一次的攻击反而使她更精力充沛。在发动抗议的时候，她用安全别针别住自己被撕破的衬衫来挽回端庄，并继续威吓。简言之，1983年，贾汉吉尔曾短暂入狱，她却视之为一次重大的冒险。
Her model was her father, a parliamentarian who had resigned（辞职） in 1971 to protest against military rule. He too had gone smiling, and often, to prison. As a teenager she was already a troublemaker, complaining at her convent about the undemocratic selection of the head girl. In her prim school uniform, she also scaled the gate of the Punjab governor’s house to plant a black flag against military rule. Rustication followed, to her joy.
她以父亲为榜样，他曾是一位国会议员，但在1971年辞职以抗议军事统治。他也总是保持微笑，并时常入狱。少年时代的贾汉吉尔总制造“麻烦”，她曾抱怨女修道院里女院长选拔有失民主。穿着整洁的校服，她也能爬到旁遮普（Punjab）省总督宅邸的大门上，插上一面黑色的旗帜以示对军事统治的抗议，随后她就被停学，然而，这正合她意。
The poor and the beaten
（为）贫民与陋规（而战）
When the phone rang at her law offices in Lahore, she would always answer it. If she missed a call, she would swiftly return it. Someone needed help, and she was often the only person in the country they could turn to. Her critics sometimes accused her of profiting from adversity, being a glory seeker. On the contrary, she was defending democracy, secularism, judicial independence, human rights. Simple tenets, but not in Pakistan. She had come to the law enchanted with it, studying it at home because she was debarred, as a woman, from lectures. She believed in its power to right wrongs. Her tartness in court expressed her fury with the slow, corrupt, uneven way it actually worked.
在拉哈尔律师事务所，每当电话铃声响起，她总会及时应答。如果错过一通电话，她也会立刻回拨。若有人需要帮助，她往往是这个国家唯一可以求助的人。批评家们指责她从逆境中获利，是一个沽名钓誉的人。正相反，她在捍卫民主，政教分离，司法独立和人权。简单的原则，在巴基斯坦并不存在。她开始关注聚焦于这些问题的法律，由于在巴基斯坦女性被禁止步入课堂，她只能在家自学。她相信法律能明辨是非。她在法庭上的尖锐陈词，表明她对法律实际运作方式的缓慢、腐败、坎坷的愤慨。
High-profile cases did not attract her. She preferred to defend a 14-year-old Christian boy accused of scrawling blasphemy on the wall of a village mosque, and to save him from the death penalty, which she abhorred. Though she was Muslim herself, it was a personal matter. She accepted the place of sharia in the legal system of Pakistan, but battled its harsher interpretations. In 1987 she helped set up the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), the first of its kind, to keep an eye on things. Her presence on the Lahore High Court and later as the first woman president of the Supreme Court Bar Association, encouraged liberal lawyers and outraged conservatives, whom she mocked for their backwardness and beards.
那些备受瞩目的案例并不能够吸引到贾汉吉尔，相反她宁愿去为一个14岁的基督教男孩辩护，他被指控在乡下清真寺的墙上乱涂乱写，亵渎神明；贾汉吉尔帮助他免除死刑，而死刑也是她所憎恶的。尽管她自己就是穆斯林，但她认为这只是事关个人信仰的私事。贾汉吉尔能够接受伊斯兰教法在巴基斯坦司法体系中的合法化，但是却坚决反对教法衍生的一系列更为苛刻的司法解释。1987年，在她的帮助下，巴基斯坦人权委员会（HRCP）成立，这是世界上第一个有关人权的机构，用以对巴基斯坦的人权事务进行监督。而贾汉吉尔自己在拉哈尔高级法院里面任职，后来成为了最高法院的律师协会的第一位女主席，她鼓励了更多自由主义的律师坚持自己的道路的同时，也刺激了很多保守派的人士，让他们怒不可遏。贾汉吉尔喜欢嘲笑这些保守人士的固执以及他们的大胡子。
She was eager to represent the poor. In half her cases she took no payment. For a time she even funnelled money to struggling families of political prisoners and abductees. Once she fought for a group of half-naked bonded brickmakers, who owed thousands of rupees to their employers. When the judge asked her why she had brought people into his court who stank, she replied, bluntly, that he was there precisely for them. Ideally, to weaken the feudal system that enslaved them. At the least, to listen to the victims.
她渴望代表穷人，维护他们的权益。她经手的案子有一半是不收取任何报酬的。有一段时期她甚至会捐钱接济那些政治犯和被绑架者的家庭。曾经有一次，她为一群无权利保障的烧砖工人打官司争取权益，这群工人欠了他们的雇主几千卢比。当法官问她为什么要把一群散发着恶臭的工人带到他的法庭前时，贾汉吉尔坦率的回答道：“你作为法官坐在这里的职责本来就是为了服务他们，最理想的情况是你能够从根本上削弱这奴役他们的封建制度，如果不能，至少也应该做到倾听受害者们的声音。”。
And no group was victimised more than women. They were treated as possessions in Pakistan, beings who should not question and should not think. She knew about that. As a young mother, even with a law degree, she had been forbidden to work and reduced to a nothing. So in 1980 she, her sister Hina and two friends set up the first all-woman law firm in the country. Her husband objected, but she went ahead. The year before President Zia ulHaq had brought in military rule and severe hudood punishments, so her firm was needed. She defended girls, raped by their bosses, who now faced flogging for fornication; she helped women trying to escape loveless marriages, one of whom was killed in her law offices at her mother’s instigation. She provided a shelter for them,
again the first. By this year she felt women had made progress. But not nearly enough.
女性是最容易受伤的群体。在巴基斯坦，他们被视作男人的财产，不能质疑，也不能思考。她也深有体会，作为一位年轻的母亲，即使有法律学位，她也被禁止工作，处于一无是处的境地。因此，在1980年，她和姐姐希娜以及两个朋友一起成立了全国第一家全女性律师事务所。他的丈夫反对这个做法，但她仍一往无前。那是奇亚·哈克（Zia ulHaq ）总统颁布军事统治和严厉的胡都法案的前一年，因此人们很需要她的律所。她为那些被上级强奸的女孩辩护，这些强奸犯现在要面对通奸的鞭刑；她帮助女性们逃离已无爱情维系的婚姻，其中还有一位女性因其母亲的教唆竟在她的律师所遭受杀害。同样，她也是第一个为这些女性提供庇护所的律师。这一年，她感觉到女性已经取得了进步（地位在提高），但仍远远不够。
With so much energy and noise, she was noticed internationally. She became a UN special rapporteur for human rights, travelling to Iran, Afghanistan, Palestine and Chiapas. All the cases she encountered caused her anguish, but her chief concern remained Pakistan. For all the danger to her, she had never thought of leaving. Her ancestors were buried there. It was home. And like the typical Punjabi mother she was, nagging her daughters on how they should keep house, she needed to lecture Pakistan first. And keep on. And on.
她因精力旺盛和“不安分”闻名世界。她成为了联合国人权事务特别书记，出访至伊朗、阿富汗、巴勒斯坦和恰帕斯（墨西哥南部的一个州）。所有她遇到的案例都让她很痛苦，但她最关注的还是巴基斯坦。即使危险重重，她从未想过逃离。(真爱啊) 因为她的祖先埋葬在这里，这是她的家乡。作为一位传统的旁遮普族母亲，她也常常对她女儿“唠叨”要如何当家，但她需要先教导整个巴基斯坦民族，并且代代相传，维护人权才得以持续。
翻译组：
Yi, 女，财务民工，经济学人爱好者
Forest，女，自由职业，经济学人爱好者
Shirly，女，笔译研究生，经济学人爱好者
Amber，女，文学研究生，经济学人爱好者
校核组：
Damon，男，钢管搬运工，经济学人爱好者
Lucia，女，翻译学硕士三年制，经济学人爱好者
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