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导读
美国拒绝中国移动进入美市场
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听力|精读|翻译|词组
FAANGs v BATs
五虎对三龙
英文部分选自经济学人Leaders版块
FAANGs v BATs
五虎对三龙
America’s tech giants vie with China’s in third countries
中美科技巨擘将于第三方国家展开激烈竞争
The most titanic commercial battle in the world
世界最大规模的商业对决
IT IS the world’s most titanic commercial fight. Facing off are the towering giants of American and Chinese tech, led by the FAANGs (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google’s parent, Alphabet) on one side and the BATs (Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent) on the other. These are some of the planet’s biggest firms, with a combined stockmarket capitalisation of more than $4trn. At play are some of its most promising markets. Why, then, has the battle largely escaped attention?
这是全世界最激烈的商业对决，相抗衡的两端乃中美科技公司——一边由美国巨擘FAANGs（Facebook、Amazon、Apple、Netflix和谷歌母公司Alphabet）领头，另一边则由中国巨擘BATs（百度、阿里巴巴和腾讯）带队。他们是这颗星球上最大的一批公司，总市值超四万亿美元。几个最有前景的市场在其中发挥重要作用。但为什么这场对决并没有大范围引起关注呢？
One reason is where it is taking place. The titans have avoided each other in their home markets, and rising trade tensions make it ever less likely that a clash will happen there . Except for Amazon and Apple, the FAANGs are already all but banned in China. America, meanwhile, is putting up barriers to Chinese firms. This week the Trump administration declared China Mobile, the world’s largest carrier, a potential threat to national security. Ant Financial, an affiliate of Alibaba, was stopped from buying an American payments firm earlier this year. Tighter investment restrictions are on the way. So the cream of America and China are taking each other on directly only in third countries, such as Brazil, India and Indonesia .
原因之一是对决所在地。两大巨头均在本土市场相互回避，而不断上升的贸易紧张局势，也使得冲突发生在本国的可能性降低。除了Amazon和Apple，其余科技三虎在中国都已被禁止。与此同时，美国正在给中国企业设置障碍。本周，特朗普以“国家安全潜在威胁为由，阻止全球最大电信运营商中国移动进入美国市场。今年初，阿里巴巴子公司蚂蚁金服,申请并购一家美国支付公司也被拒。将来投资门槛只会更高。所以中美精英们直接也仅仅在诸如巴西、印度、印尼等第三方国家展开对决。
Another reason for the battle’s low profile is that it is not being fought in the open. The American firms have, broadly, transplanted their services to other markets; Amazon has pledged over $5bn to replicate its offerings in India, for example. But the Chinese giants are taking a different tack, buying stakes in local firms and weaving them together into complex tapestries of services. The ecosystem of Tencent and Alibaba, with over 1,000 stakes in foreign firms, includes dozens in emerging markets. Along with Ant, they have backed 43% of all Asian unicorns, startups worth more than $1bn. Chinese tech firms pumped $5bn into Indian startups in 2017, a fivefold increase on the year before. America’s tech giants are wearing uniform abroad; China’s melt into the background.
这场贸易战如此低调的另一个原因，是它并不公开对决。美国公司明显已经将他们的服务转移到其他市场；例如亚马逊将投资50多亿美元复制其在印度的商业模式。但是中国巨头们采取了不同的策略，收购本土公司股份，将他们连成复杂的服务网。腾讯和阿里巴巴的生态系统，拥有超过1000家外国公司的股份，其中包括数十个新兴市场。与蚂蚁金服一道，它们已经支持了43%的亚洲“独角兽”公司，它们的创业公司价值超过10亿美元。中国的科技公司在2017年向印度的创业公司注入了50亿美元，比上一年增加了5倍。在海外市场，美国的科技巨头们端着架子;而中国的公司却已融入当地市场。
注1.亚马逊在印度电商市场如何入乡随俗
http://www.sohu.com/a/108288470_464103
2.端架子：
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AB%AF%E6%9E%B6%E5%AD%90/5740926?fr=aladdin04
The battle for emerging markets warrants closer attention—and not just because it has been below the radar. It has implications for the world’s tech giants. Over half of Google’s revenues come from outside America; eight of Facebook’s ten biggest territories by user numbers are emerging markets. Alibaba wants to raise the value of sales on its platform that are made abroad to 50% by 2025, implying stratospheric growth in places like India. Around half of the world’s population is online; that leaves an awful lot of new eyeballs to monetise.
我们需要密切关注新兴市场的竞争——不仅仅因为它一直被忽视，更因为它对世界科技巨头有影响。谷歌超过一半的收入来自美国以外;脸书10个最大的用户区中有8个是新兴市场。阿里巴巴希望到2025年将其海外市场销售额提高至50%，这意味着印度等地的销量将飞速增长。世界上的网民数量约占世界人口的一半;这就需要吸引大量的新眼球来赚钱。
In addition, a proper east-west tech rivalry promises to bring big economic benefits. At home, the tech giants prompt worries about their dominance. Abroad, they are scrapping for consumers and companies. Ant and Tencent, for instance, are introducing Germans to the blessings of Alipay and WeChat Pay, their mobile-payment systems. Amazon has helped bring big warehouses and other e-commerce infrastructure to India. Over time, many digital markets tend to become more concentrated, as size begets size and winners take most of the spoils. For now, in third countries, competition rages.
此外，东西方科技公司之间正当的竞争有望带来巨大的经济效益。于国内而言，竞争使得科技巨头担忧自己的主导地位。在国外市场上，他们争抢消费者，竞购公司。例如，蚂蚁金服和腾讯正大力向德国人推销他们好用的移动支付系统——支付宝和微信支付。亚马逊在印度建设大型的仓库以及其他电商基础设施。过不了多久，多数的数字市场将越来越集中化，因为规模越大，收益越大，赢家总是获得大部分的战利品。就目前而言，竞争在第三方国家声势浩大。
Bloc-heads
死对头
The last reason to watch this unfolding battle is geopolitical. America and China are vying for digital supremacy. The fight between their tech champions in other markets will inevitably have political overtones. Chinese technology is sold by firms that will work with the authorities. That may tip the scales in their favour in countries with less democratic regimes. Online data provide the fuel for artificial intelligence; deciding if they flow into Chinese computing clouds or American ones could have consequences for how dependent countries become on one superpower. The battle between the FAANGs and the BATs is a commercial one. But its outcome could put third countries in one camp or the other, increasing the risk that the world eventually splits into two techno-blocs.
关注这场蓄势待发的对决，最后一个理由是地缘政治。中美两国正在竞争数字霸主地位。不可避免地，两国科技公司在其他国家的竞争将带有政治色彩。中国公司与政府合作销售科技产品。这将使得天平倒向不那么民主的国家。线上数据助力人工智能的发展，这些数据是流向中国计算云还是美国计算云，将影响第三方国家对一个超级大国的依赖程度。美国科技五虎（FAANGs）与中国科技三龙（BATs）之间的竞争是商业性的。但是其结果将使第三方国家选定自己的阵营，最终增加了世界分裂为两个科技阵营的风险。
翻译组：
Han，女，自由职业，经济学人爱好者
Doris，女，法律学习者，经济学人爱好者
Charlotte，女，研究僧，经济学人爱好者
校核组：
Rena，女，国际学校老师，经济学人爱好者
Samantha，女，滑冰狂人，邓伦未婚妻
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观点|评论|思考
评论一：
Han，女，自由职业，经济学人爱好者
这是本世纪最激烈的商业对决，相抗衡的两端乃中美科技公司——一边由美国巨擘FAANGs（Facebook、Amazon、Apple、Netflix和谷歌母公司Alphabet）领头，另一边则由中国巨擘BATs（百度、阿里巴巴和腾讯）率领。
他们是这颗星球上最大的公司，加起来总市值超四万亿美元。几个最有前景的市场在其中发挥重要作用。但为何这场对决却未能引人注目？
评论二：
Yao，男， 英专本科生，北大苗子
该文认为美国科技公司脸书、亚马逊、苹果、奈飞和谷歌和中国科技公司百度腾讯阿里巴巴进行着一场没有硝烟的战争，分析了这场商战并不引人注目的原因，同时也深究了这场战争的深层经济与政治原因。
表面上看，BAT为代表的中国互联网企业，正在与谷歌、微软、亚马逊等产生直接较量。它们在人工智能、大数据、云计算领域的探索，正在让互联网由虚入实，和实体产业紧密结合在一起。但细究下去，这场战争是国家层面为争夺大数据而产生的客观表现，大数据作为一种生产资料，往往诞生在人口集中，互联网产业发达的国家。互联网公司在长期实践之中，会积累大量数据，这些数据又会被利用在产品改进、创新之中。有观点称，大数据将创造下一代互联网生态、下一代创新体系、下一代制造业形态以及下一代社会治理结构。因此，大数据被视为“国内社会治理以及国际战略博弈的重要一环”。事实上，早在2012年3月，美国奥巴马政府曾发布“大数据研究与开发计划”，将发展大数据提升至国家战略层面。海量的大数据资源，无疑对精准的预测和决策指导起着重要的作用。中国和美国作为大数据储备丰富国，不可避免打响这场没有硝烟的战争。
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