1
导读
医用大麻和娱乐大麻区别
1.用途不同:医用大麻用于医疗,娱乐大麻用于嗨
2.成分不同:医用大麻CBD(四氢大麻酚)含量高,娱乐大麻THC(大麻二酚)含量高
感谢思维导图作者:Bruce
区别摘自公众号:50s认清医用大麻和娱乐大麻的区别!
2
听力|精读|翻译|词组
When Marlboro Man met Mary Jane
当万宝路大叔遇上玛丽·珍阿姨
英文部分选自经济学人Business版块
注:Blazing saddles《灼热的马鞍》(豆瓣)
1974年的一部美国喜剧电影,主要内容是戏仿当时的西部片。
Smoking
抽烟
When Marlboro Man met Mary Jane
当香烟遇上大麻
注:为什么大麻被称作Mary Jane
1. 大麻marijuana的别名,见英文维基百科Marijuana (word)条目
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_(word)#Etymology
2. https://www.quora.com/Why-is-mary-jane-a-name-for-marijuana
Quora上的解释(供参考)
A tobacco giant hashes out a deal with a cannabis company
一家烟草巨头终于和一家大麻公司达成合作
Those who fret about America’s health must have rejoiced in November when the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, a federal agency, announced that smoking rates had fallen to their lowest in recorded history. Just 14% of American adults smoked cigarettes in 2017, compared with around 42% in 1965. The trend is a boon for the public’s health but for tobacco companies it raises existential questions.
11月,当美国联邦疾控和预防中心宣称吸烟率下降到历史最低记录时,那些为美国人的健康而担忧的人一定欣喜不已。与1965年约42%的吸烟率相比,2017年,成年美国人的抽烟比例仅为14%。该趋势对于公共健康是利好消息,但对烟草公司而言,这可谓是雪上加霜。
On December 7th Altria, a tobacco giant which sells Marlboro in America, pointed to a possible solution. It announced that it was spending $1.8bn to buy a 45% share in Cronos Group, a Canadian cannabis firm, with an option to purchase a further 10% in the future. The news boosted Cronos’ share price by 29%; Altria’s crept up by 2%.
12月7日,销售万宝路烟草的美国巨头奥驰亚提出了一个可能的解决方案。该公司宣布它们已花费了180万美金来购买加拿大大麻公司,克罗诺司集团45%的股份,并拥有在未来购买10%股份的期权。这起新闻令克罗诺司集团股价上涨了29%,奥驰亚股价爬升了2%。
As demand for cigarettes has fizzled, Altria has increased its prices and cut costs to try to drive profits. A move into cannabis, which was recently legalised in Canada, is no quick fix but the long-term prospects for the cannabis market, if and when the drug is more widely legalised in America, are tempting. At present recreational cannabis is legal in just ten states. Some reckon the total market could be worth between $40bn-70bn, equivalent to America’s spending on wine or spirits. Altria’s revenues in 2017 were a little over $25bn.
由于香烟需求萎靡,奥驰亚已通过提高价格和降低成本来追求利润。进军大麻市场并非权宜之计而是长期规划。最近加拿大的大麻已合法化,如果大麻在美国合法化范围扩大,该行为将更具诱惑性。娱乐大麻目前仅在10个州是合法的。有资料估算整个市场能有400亿-700亿美金的价值,与美国在红酒或烈酒上的支出不相上下。2017年奥驰亚的营业收入为250亿美金多一点。
The success of Altria’s move will in part depend on how people decide to consume cannabis in the future. Most still smoke it the conventional way—in those states where it is legal the market share of the cannabis flower, typically rolled into a joint, is 60-65%. Edible cannabis products and vaping represent around 10-15% each, according to Trevor Stirling, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, but vaping pot is on the rise. Flavoured vaporisers can conceal the telltale smell of pot, reducing social stigma. Such products would also mean opportunities for branding, which has in the past been crucial to tobacco firms’ success but which is impossible when selling illegal, loose ganja.
奥驰亚公司此次进军大麻市场的成败,取决于人们在未来将如何消费大麻。在那些大麻合法的州,大多数人还是使用传统的方式来吸食—典型的是将大麻卷成卷,此类占比60-65%。投行桑福德·C·伯恩斯坦的一名分析师特雷沃·斯特林称,可食用的大麻产品以及电子烟各占了约10-15%的份额,不过电子烟比例还处于上升态势。经过调味的电子烟能够隐藏其烟味,从而减少其社会耻辱感。此类产品的品牌化将意味着更多的机会,这在过去恰恰是烟草公司成功的关键,但是如果售卖大麻仍属非法的话,这种推广则无从谈起。
The predicted shift to vaping explains reports that Altria also plans to acquire juul, a vaping firm that has captured around 75% of America’s growing e-cigarette market. Altria has said it will stop selling its own MarkTen and Green Smoke e-cigarette products, citing their weak financial performance, and increasingly burdensome regulation. juul has in the past been keen to stress its independence from big tobacco. But now it can probably do with Altria’s help in order to navigate an increasingly rocky regulatory landscape.
对电子烟的预测趋势解释了奥驰亚公司还计划收购优尔公司的报道。优尔是一家占据美国电子烟市场份额达75%的巨头。奥驰亚公司曾说它将停售旗下的MarkTen和Green Smoke品牌电子烟,因为它们的财务表现很糟糕,而且(所需面对的)监管日益繁冗。过去优尔一直热衷于强调其相对于大烟草公司独立性,但现在它可能需要奥驰亚的帮助,来应对日趋艰难的监管环境。
This year the Food and Drug Administration has announced restrictions on vaping products and mooted a ban on menthol cigarettes (Altria’s minty cigarettes are just under 30% of the menthol market). Cannabis products may face similar rules.
今年,食品和药物监管局FDA颁布了针对电子烟产品的限制条件,对薄荷醇香烟的禁令则悬而未决(奥驰亚薄荷味香烟只占薄荷醇香烟市场不到30%的份额)。大麻产品可能也要面临类似的监管。
Meanwhile big booze is also eyeing up the potential in cannabis. Constellation Brands, brewer of Corona, invested $4bn in Canopy Growth, another Canadian weed firm, in August, lifting its stake from 9.9% to 38%. The alcohol groups are less vilified than cigarette-peddlers. But cannabis-laced treats are slower to take effect than vaping. Who will claim the pot of gold?
同时,酒业大亨也盯上了大麻的潜力。今年八月,科罗娜的啤酒制造商Constellation Brands斥资40亿美金,将其持有的加拿大大麻生产商Canopy Growth公司的股权比例由9.9%提升至38%。与烟草商相比,酒业集团遭到的诟病较少。但是派对上大麻的起效时间总是比电子烟慢。到底谁能挖到这桶金呢?
翻译组:
Yifei,女,英专硕士,专八,catti二笔
VeRy,男,电气民工,经济学人资浅爱好
veryyang,女,教育民工,主攻演讲、戏剧
校核组:
Ema, 女,外贸民工,经济学人粉丝
Forest,女,自由职业,经济学人爱好者
3
观点|评论|思考
本次观点由VeRy独家奉献
VeRy,男,电气民工,经济学人资浅爱好
(小编注:VeRy大佬提及的大麻主要指的是娱乐大麻)
对于一部分人来说,一家公司经营的是大麻还是烟草(当然是合法的前提下)区别不大,如果硬要说出区别的话,那就是二手烟会危害到别人,二手大麻对旁人的影响比较小。暂且不考虑烟草和大麻的外部效应,我们先讲讲这两者本身。在规范的管理下,大麻和烟草同样没有区别(不要纠结前提条件中的规范管理,在不规范的情况下,酒,甚至鲜花都会带来暴力):能够给消费者提供愉悦,给政府带来财政收入。随着时代的发展,人们的兴奋点在一点点的被升高,以前一本书、一部收音机就能满足,现在必须是一场画面真实得可怕的电影才能达到同样的效果,喝酒、吸烟也一样,相信随着时间的推移,吸烟必将被大麻取代(可能不是大麻本身,而是类似大麻的产品),对大麻进行类似香烟的管理,收入类似高比例的税收,对政府而言,这两者又有什么区别呢?可能现在将大麻合法化是一些比较“异端”的政府,但是等慢慢铺开以后,没有了这层遮羞布,我相信几乎所有的政府都会允许类大麻的合法化。
下面来谈谈烟草和大麻的外部性,烟草对别人的危害尽人皆知,也出台了很多公共场所禁止吸烟的管理规定,但是我看到的是几乎没有地方在真正实施(我所见到的国外到做得还不错,室内几乎没有吸烟的),所能仰仗的仅仅是公民个人素质,大麻生理上对他人的危害甚至不如烟草大,但是可能对于家庭、社会治安的危害会比较大,至于宣传的容易使别人传染上瘾、为了能买到大麻铤而走险等等的危害其实都只是其次,因为在合法化之后,大规模的生产能够使得价格降到和香烟差不多,上面的危害便如同香烟一般将不复存在。个人的估计目前的大麻还会进行改良,改良到危害与烟草差不多时,便是它合法之日。
最后我们聊一下为什么这类东西会一直存在,我想原因大概和人自身的需求有关。如同宗教一般,人们总是会有脆弱和无助的时候,精神上会有宗教帮助分担,给予希望,试图以此渡过难关,肉体上大概也就是这类的致幻剂,减轻生理上的负担,让人可以继续前行。听说过一种说法,认为人作为一部机器,在一直运转,没有停歇,可能只有在睡觉的时候机器才会停下来,精神上靠做梦、生理上靠睡眠来进行机器的维修和保养,但是通俗点讲,这些只是常规保养,对于压力特别大的人(这里指的是人的主观感受,因为不同的人对于压力的感受是不一样的),常规保养不一定能够满足其机器正常运转的需要,所以需要借助外力来确保其人生的继续运转,所以生理特别强壮以及精神力特别强壮的人是几乎不需要宗教和香烟大麻等的帮助。对个体而言,提升自己才是漫漫人生路能够不断向前最有效的方法。
4
愿景
小组
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