近日，“中华思想文化术语传播工程”已经对外发布两个批次的术语规范译法，对“居安思危”“上善若水”等反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语，作出了简明的中文释义和英文翻译。下面就跟着《英语世界》的小编一起来学习吧。
理 lǐ Li
本义指玉石的纹理，引申而有三重含义：其一，指具体事物的样式或性质，如短长、大小、方圆、坚脆、轻重、白黑等物理属性；其二，指万事万物所遵循的普遍法则；其三，指事物的本原或本体。后两种含义与“道”相近。宋明时期的学者特别注重对“理”的阐发，以“理”为最高范畴，因此宋明时期占主导地位的学术体系被称为“理学”。
The original meaning of li (理) was the texture of jade; later it was extended to contain three meanings: 1) the physical forms or proprieties of things, such as length, size, shape, tensile strength, weight, and color; 2) the universal laws followed by all things and beings; and 3) the original source or ontological existence of things. The last two meanings are similar to those of Dao. Scholars of the Song and Ming dynasties were particularly interested in describing and explaining the philosophy known as li (理), and considered it as the highest realm, giving rise to the School of Principle which dominated academic thought in the period from the Song to the Ming dynasties.
例句
◎物无妄然，必由其理。（王弼《周易略例》）
（事物没有随意而为的，必然会因循其理。）
Nothing happens at random; each follows its own li (laws). (Wang Bi: A Brief Exposition of The Book of Changes)
◎有物必有则，一物须有一理。（《二程遗书》卷十八）
（每一事物的存在必有其法则，但所有事物都须有万物皆同的理。）
Everything exists according to its objective law but all things must follow the common li (law). (Writings of the Cheng Brothers)
Examples
气 qì Qi (Vital Force)
独立于主观意识之外的物质实体，是构成一切有形之物的原始物质材料，同时也是生命和精神得以发生和存在的基础。此外，某些思想家还为“气”赋予了道德属性。“气”没有具体的形状，永远处于运动变化之中。“气”的凝聚意味着事物的生成，“气”的消散意味着事物的消亡。“气”贯通于所有有形之物的内外。哲学意义上的“气”与常识性的“气体”概念不同，“气体”指各种非液体、非固体的存在；而从哲学层面来看，液体、固体既是有形之物，其生成、存在也是“气”凝聚的结果。
Qi (vital force) has a material existence independent of subjective consciousness and is the basic element of all physical beings. It is also the basis for the birth and existence of life and spirit. In addition, some thinkers have given a moral attribute to qi. Qi is in constant motion and change, and has no specific shape. Its concentration gives birth to a thing and its evaporation signals the end of that thing. Qi permeates all physical beings and their surroundings. Qi, as a philosophical concept, is different from what is commonly understood by the word qi (气), namely, gas. Although things in liquid or solid form are different from things in gas form, from the perspective of the ancient Chinese philosophy, their formation and existence are the result of the concentration of qi.
例句
◎通天下一气耳。（《庄子·知北游》）
（贯通天下万物的就是一个“气”罢了。）
It is qi that permeates everything under heaven. (Zhuangzi)
◎天地合气，万物自生。（王充《论衡·自然》）
（天地之气相互交合，万物自然而生。）
The convergence of qi of heaven and that of earth gives life to all things. (Wang Chong: A Comparative Study of Different Schools of Learning)
Examples
情 qíng Qing
“情”有三种不同含义：其一，泛指人的情感、欲望。“情”受外物感动而发，是人的自然本能，不是后天习得的。其二，特指人的某些情感、欲望，通常被规定为好、恶、喜、怒、哀、乐等六者，或喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲等七者。前者也被称作“六志”或“六情”，后者被称作“七情”。其三，指情实或实情。对于前两个意义上的“情”，历代学者持有不同态度，或主张抑制“情”，或承认“情”的合理性而加以引导和安处。
The term has three different meanings. First, it means human emotions and desires, referring to the natural and instinctive reaction to external circumstances, not a learned response. Second, it refers to specific human emotions and desires, commonly known as the six human emotions: love, hatred, happiness, anger, sadness, and joy, or as the seven human emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, hatred, and desire. Third, it means the true state of affairs, or actual situation. For centuries, scholars have had different interpretations on the first two meanings.Some advocated that emotions should be restrained or controlled, while others believed that emotions and desires were natural and should be properly guided.
例句
◎何谓人情？喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲，七者弗学而能。（《礼记·礼运》）
（什么叫做人之情？就是喜爱、恼怒、悲哀、恐惧、爱慕、憎恶、欲求，这七者不用学习就能产生。）
What are human emotions? They are happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, hatred, and desire that arise instinctively. (The Book of Rites)
◎上好信，则民莫敢不用情。（《论语·子路》）
（地位高的人讲求诚信，则民众没有人敢不以实情相待。）
If those in high positions act in good faith, the people will not dare to conceal the truths. (The Analects)
Examples
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