英语复习 2010-01-04 15:00:55 阅读200 评论0 字号:大中小 订阅
一.定义:反义疑问句对陈述句所叙述的事实提出看法,问对方是否同意。
二.反义疑问句的构成:其结构由两部分组成:陈述句和简短问句。如前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分用否定形式;前一部分为否定形式,则后一部分为肯定形式。一般来说,简短问句的主语人称的数、动词时态和陈述部分的主语人称的数、动词时态相一致。前一部分总是用降调,后一部分用升调时较多,如果说话人坚信第一部分说的是事实,后一部分也可以用降调。如:Mary likes reading,doesn`t she?
Mary doesn`t like reading ,does she?
You`re a new student , aren`t you?
You aren`t a new student ,are you?
三、如果陈述句有一个助动词(包括can、must、need等情态动词),其简短问句用同一个助动词。如:
You haven`t seen that film ,have you?
He can swim, can`t he?
四、陈述部分是there be句型时,简短问句部分也用there be。如:
There are some people in the room , aren`t there?
五、在英语口语中,I am后面的简短问句用aren`t I?(在口语中,am I not?不常用,而amn`t I?则极少用。)如:
I`m late ,aren`t I?
六、当陈述句部分含有否定词nothing、nobody等不定代词时,简短句应用肯定结构。为避免重复,用代词it来代替nothing;;用they或he来代替nobody。如:
Everything goes well ,doesn`t it?
Everyone is here ,aren`t they?(注意:此句问句与前句动词的数不一致。)
七、如果陈述部分包含有no,never,hardly,few,little,scarcely等否定词时,简短句部分应用肯定形式。如:
You have no time on Monday,have you?
He has never been to Shanghai ,has he?
They can hardly imagine how beautiful she is ,can they?
七、当陈述部分含有否定的前缀或后缀词时,简短问句仍用否定形式。
He is still unknown ,isn`t he?
八、当陈述句部分有too…to,hate doing 句型时,简短问句要用肯定形式。
She is too young togo to school ,is she?
They hate tyaveling by air,don`t they?
九、祈使句后面的简短问句使用will you?won`t you?would you?canyou?can`tyou?shallwe?它们不是真正的疑问句(意为请),但常用升调。Won`t用于邀请;will,would,can,can`t及shall we用来告诉人们该做什么事,表示请求。如:
Do sit down , won`t you?
Open the door ,would you?
Give me a pen , will you?
Let`s go together,shall we? (let us开头则用will you?)
注意:在否定的祈使句后,只能用will you?如:
Don`t hurry ,will you?
十、礼貌地提出询问或请求,常用一个否定句(如以You couldn’t…You haven`t…或You don`t know…开始),后跟一个简短句。如;
You couldn`t lend me some money ,could you?
You don`t know how to go there,do you?
They haven`t come here ,have you?
十一、当陈述句部分是主从复合句时,简短问句部分应和主句的主谓保持一致。如
He said he would go there, didn`t he?
十二、在I think, I belive , I suppose , I guess等结构中,简短问句的主语往往与从句的主谓保持一致,并注意否定的适当应用。如
I don`t belive it`s true , is it?
I think she`s out ,isn`t she?
十三、关于陈述句部分是否定形式的反义疑问句的回答,英语以事实为主(不同于汉语,汉语要根据问话回答)试比较:
You weren`t at home at that time , were you? 那时你不在家,是吧?
No, I wasn`t. 是的,我不在。
Yes, I was. 不,我在家。
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