This page is devoted to frequently asked questions (FAQ) related to links.
Answer: The only difference which results from changing link length is an additional moment which results from shear acting over the increased length. Likewise, the specification of length location for shear deformation may change link response because this parameter correlates with internal link deformation. Please note that link deformation occurs at a single location specified on the Link Definition menu by the value Shear Distance from End J. The equations used to calculate link deformation are available in the CSI Analysis Reference Manual (The Link/Support Element > Section Internal Deformations, page 238). Changing link length does not affect link stiffness since this value is based on the total force or moment.
Answer: The multi-linear plastic-link property, with pivot hysteresis type, would be most suitable for modeling the shear behavior of reinforced-concrete members.
Answer: For response, please see the Hinge and link comparison article.
Answer: We recommend using nonlinear link/support elements to model friction behavior between two surfaces. The friction isolator is best for SAP2000 models, and the Isolator 2 is best for ETABS models.
Use engineering judgement when deciding upon linear and nonlinear stiffness properties.
Answer: Three options are available when defining Link Directional Properties. Their descriptions are given as follows:
Answer: For the various link objects available, force-deformation relationships may be defined along each degree-of-freedom (DOF), including axial, torsional, major and minor shear, and major and minor bending. These properties may be specified to simulate the behavior desired of bearings, isolators, soil springs, and other structural components modeled using link objects.
The CSI Analysis Reference Manual (The Link/Support Element - Basic > Internal Deformations and Link/Support Properties, pages 238 and 240) provides additional details on force-deformation relationships and internal link deformation and forces. The Derivation of link equations article may also be useful.
Answer: For response, please see the Plotting link hysteresis article.
Answer: For all link properties, damping input is actual damping, given in units of Force-Second/Length, or Force/Velocity.
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