New Lockheed drone software processes 3D terrain maps inreal-time
据防御系统网站（defensesystems.com）5月13日报道，上周洛克希德马丁公司举行的导弹和火控设备创新展示中公布了一款名为九头蛇的融合工具无人机软件。
该软件系统使洛马的无人机具备了实时生成三维地形图的能力，无人机可为作战人员提供冲突地区或其他无法进入的领域的实时战术信息和地图数据。
Lockheed Martin
“我们可以驾驶一架无人机以30节速度飞临战区去创建一个3D地图”洛克希德马丁公司的发言人表示“它可以生成地图，每像素分辨率为30厘米，在这个速度，在较低的速度和高度下，分辨率甚至可以达到2.5厘米。”
基于图像的映射技术被称为摄影测量，它使用连续视频记录的每一帧，以绘制一个三维地图。无人机的运动意味着每个视频帧从一个稍微不同的角度捕捉地面，九头蛇融合工具软件将视频分成数百个剧照，利用它们之间的细微差别构造三维地图。将这项技术与无人机结合起来的关键是图形处理单元（GPU）芯片提供的处理能力。
根据图形处理器厂商NVIDIA描述，GPU芯片能够通过使用特定类型的电子电路，以方便3D成像，而不是反复存储图像存储器，更新和改变内存帧缓冲区内产生一个全面的图像映射。
此前，直升机安装的空中地形测绘系统在2004年底被用在伊拉克战场用来指导战术行动。
“我们做了伊拉克所有的主要城市地区，以及所有的主要军事补给线的3D地图…所以，士兵们将获得当前位置的影像和高程数据”美国陆军空间中心的Michael A. Harper表示。
根据陆军声明，这些地形图的分辨率约10至15厘米每像素。虽然在最快的速度下，九头蛇融合装备无人机将只生产每像素分辨率30厘米的地图。然而，无人机将能够访问和处理狭窄的地区和冲突地区，这些是有人直升机和固定翼飞机不能执行的任务。
Lockheed Martin
Harper解释说：“如果你看看我们所做的操作，他们真的是按战术规模计划的，并且是按城市规模执行的，甚至是人类规模的。”“随着你获得高保真度数据，你可以进行更精确的操作，你可以减少伤亡和附带损失。”
根据洛克希德马丁公司的说法，九头蛇融合工具也可以用来提供地面上不断变化的情况的实时数据，或用于广泛的情报、监视和侦察目的。
Lockheed Martin
原文如下：
Lockheed Martin’s Hydra Fusion Tools drone software nowenables drones to form three dimensional terrain maps as they fly, providingreal-time tactical information and mapping data for conflict or otherwiseinaccessible areas.
“We can fly a drone along at 30 knots and create a map as we go,” said JohnMolberg, a spokesman for Lockheed Martin. It can generate maps with 30 cm perpixel resolution at that speed, but can be as clear as a 2.5 cm per pixelresolution at lower speeds and altitudes, he said.
The image-based mapping technology is known as photogrammetry, and it uses eachframe of a continuous video recording to compile a 3D image of the geographybeneath the drone. The movement of the drone means that each video framecaptures the ground from a slightly different angle, and Hydra Fusion Tools’ssoftware divides the video into hundreds of stills, using the subtledifferences between them to construct the 3D map.
The key to integrating this technology with drones is the processing powerprovided by Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) chips.
According to NVIDIA, a key industry developer, GPU chips are able to facilitate3D imaging by using a specific type of electronic circuit which, instead ofrepeatedly storing image memories, updates and alters memory within the framebuffer to produce a comprehensive image map.
Previously, helicopter-mounted aerial terrain mapping technology was used toinform tactical operations in Iraq starting in late 2004.
“We did all the major urban areas in Iraq, as well as all the major militarysupply routes…so the soldiers would have current imagery and elevationdata,”said Michael A. Harper, Director of the Warfighter Support Directorate attheU.S. Army Geospatial Center.
According to Army statements, these terrain maps had resolutions of about 10 to15 cm per pixel. At their fastest speed, the Hydra Fusion-equipped drones willonly produce maps with 30 cm per pixel resolutions. However, the drones will beable to access and map geographically constricted areas and conflict zones thathelicopters and fixed wing aircraft can’t.
“If you look at the types of operations that we’ve done…they are really plannedat the tactical scale and executed at the urban scale or even that humanscale,” explained Harper. “With your higher fidelity data, you can conduct moreprecise operations, you can reduce casualties and collateral damage.”
The Hydra Fusion Tools can also be used to provide real-time data of evolvingsituations on the ground, or for broad-range intelligence, surveillance, andreconnaissance purposes, according to Lockheed Martin.
The software was demonstrated at an innovations showcase at Lockheed Martin’sMissiles and Fire Control facility on Monday.
原文：https://defensesystems.com/articles/2017/05/13/3d.aspx
洛马官方资料：
Real-time structure from motion: the ability to generate 3D point clouds and 3D imagery in real time as a vehicle flies
Site mapping: the ability to compare architectural drawings to actual 3D imagery to gather daily progress updates
Agriculture: the ability to map fields or forests for the analysis of plant health and cataloging
Infrastructure Inspection: ability to automate the inspection of large critical infrastructure
Surveying: the ability to produce wide area maps of terrain
Tactical: the ability to covertly generate maps of evoling situations in real time
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