从句过去(完成)时与含有would表示虚拟语气的区别

1. If you would cook the dinner, I would do the washing up afterwards.

2. If the landlord would give up his land, that would be a blessing to the peasants.

3. If you would be interested, I should be very glad to send you a copy of my book.

4. If you would have come sooner, you could have helped us.

5. If I would have let him back me down in front of everybody, I would have lost respect.

（http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200912/1436_2.html  第3点）

请教老师，从句用would do/have done 和从句用did/had done都是虚拟语气，但区别在于前者有“意愿”这层含义。前三句表示“现在或将来的不大可能实现的意愿”。比如，第3句，你若感兴趣，我会很高兴寄给你一本书。也就是说“你现在或将来感兴趣，我都会寄给你。”第4和5句，对应的是过去没有实现的“意愿”？

谢谢老师补充！

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最佳答案 2018-09-08 17:14

1. If you would cook the dinner, I would do the washing up afterwards.

2. 从句的would为表示意愿的情态动词。字面意义上表示不大可能实现的将来条件，但实际是一条委婉的建议。先假设听话人可能不愿意，这样听话人如果有事不能做饭，说No时就比较容易开口。交际中给听话人留出说no的便利，是英语表示礼貌的一种方式。

2. If the landlord would give up his land, that would be a blessing to the peasants.

     从句的would为表示意愿的情态动词，表示与现在事实相反的假设。事实是这个地主不会愿意放弃土地。

3. If you would be interested, I should be very glad to send you a copy of my book.

    这个从句的would不是表示意愿的情态动词，因为表示意愿时不可后接静态动词，而be interested 为静态动词。所以这个would是表示预测意义的would。虽然表示预测意义的will和would很少用于if从句，但也并非绝对。would表示预测意义时，说话人的信心程度仅次于will，可以翻译为很有可能。此时的if兼有原因的意味，可以翻译为“既然”。既然你可能感兴趣。。。

又如：If it will rain soon, we must take the clothes in. 既然天马上要下雨，我们得把衣服收了。

4. If you would have come sooner, you could have helped us.

5. If I would have let him back me down in front of everybody, I would have lost respect.

以上二句中的would have done表示与过去事实相反的意愿。事实是，你当时不愿意早点来，我当时不愿意让他支持我。再假设要是当时你愿意，要是当时我愿意。