【文献解读】长链非编码RNA作为癌症转移的关键调控因子

作者：Sofina

原文出处

Koirala P, Zou DH, Mo YY. Long non-coding RNAs as key regulators of cancer metastasis. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2016;2:1-10.

DOI: 10.4103/2394-4722.171829

摘要

最近在功能基因组学方面的研究发现，大量的长链非编码RNA(lncRNAs)被广泛地转录到人类基因组中。越来越多的证据表明，lncRNAs通过各种机制如细胞核组织，转录后调控，可变剪接和表观遗传调控在细胞分化和发育过程中对基因表达很重要。因此，lncRNA的异常表达可导致这些细胞功能的异常并导致各种病理状况。其中一个致命的后果是癌症转移，导致癌症相关死亡的90％以上。很好地了解lncRNA在癌症转移不同阶段如何调控不同遗传和表观遗传变化，不仅对于一般的癌症生物学很重要，而且对于鉴定新型生物标志物和用于治疗转移性癌症的治疗靶点也是很重要的。近年来，lncRNA在癌症中的作用取得了显著进展。在本研究中，我们首先讨论了lncRNA的一般功能，然后强调了lncRNA如何影响癌症转移的最新发现，最后是我们对lncRNAs临床意义的展望。

关键词：癌症转移，表观遗传学，基因调控，长链非编码RNA

The recent advances in functional genomics have discovered that a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed from the human genome. Increasing evidence further indicates that lncRNAs are important for gene expression during cell differentiation and development through various mechanisms such as nuclear organization, post-transcription regulation, alternative splicing, and epigenetic regulation. Thus, aberrant expression of lncRNAs can cause abnormality in those cellular functions and lead to various pathological conditions. One of such fatal consequences is cancer metastasis which is responsible for more than 90% of cancer-related deaths. A good understanding of how lncRNAs regulate different genetic and epigenetic changes during different stages of cancer metastasis is important not only for general cancer biology but also for identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treatment of metastatic cancer. A significant progress has been made regarding the role of lncRNAs in cancer for past several years. In this study, we first discuss general functions of lncRNAs and then highlight recent findings of how lncRNAs impact cancer metastasis, and finally we provide our perspectives on clinical implications of lncRNAs.

Key words: Cancer metastasis, epigenetics, gene regulation, long non-coding RNA

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http://jcmtjournal.com/article/view/1263