首先我们可以确定的是除了作“助动词、连系动词/系动词”外,be还可作为实义动词/实意动词出现。
下面就是几本词典中的明确而具体的陈列。
be用作实义动词
1)exist
在there + be句型中,be等于exist,如:
Though there is much difference between urban and rural lives in our country now, yet it will gradually be narrowed down as production advances.
虽然现在我国城乡生活之间还存在巨大差别,但随着生产的发展会渐渐缩小的。
2)live
To be or not to be, that is a question.
这是莎士比亚剧本《王子复仇记》中主人翁哈姆雷特的一句话。其中be等于live,全句表示“活下去还是不活,那还是个问题”的意思。
3)want/intend
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 如果你想要看得懂,讲得明白,那么词义学是必要的。
4)take place
When is your next ball to be, Lizzy?
莉莎,你们下次舞会什么时候举行?
5)equal
One plus one is two. 一加一等于二。
6)stay
He has been in Germany for five years. 他在德国呆了五年。
7)reach/get to
You can be there within ten minutes if you hurry.
如果你赶快的话,十分钟内可以到达那里。
8)become
Now remember your aunt’s instructions and be a good girl.
好,记住婶婶的教诲,做个好女孩。
9)behave
Why don’t you be yourself? 为什么没礼貌?
10)continue
He’ll be in Beijing till next week. 他将继续在北京直到下周。
动词be也可以单独作为一个主要动词,表示“存在”:
I think therefore I am.我思故我在。
或者作系动词,连接句子的主语与补语:
be [no obj] somewhat formal: to exist or live在;存在;生存
I think, therefore I am. (=exist) 我思故我在。
Once upon a time there was (= lived) a knight. 从前有一位骑士。
There once was a man who dwelt alone in a small village.
曾经有个人独自居住在小村庄里。
all the things that are (= exist) 存在着的万物
“To be, or not to be; that is the question.”—Shakespeare (1600)
“生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题。”——莎士比亚(1600)
5 existence [i] formal【正式】to exist存在;生存
a way of life that has long since ceased to be消失了很久的一种生活方式
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第182页be2词条12
be: formal to exist
What was once a great and powerful empire has effectively ceased to be.
这个曾经伟大而强盛的帝国实际上已经不复存在了。
2018年3月16日
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