利用Nginx搭建HTTP访问的Git服务器过程记录。搭建 Git 仓库，实现 SSH 协议、配合 Nginx 实现 HTTP 协议拉取、推送代码。利用 Nginx 实现 Gitweb 在线浏览代码，使用 Gitweb-theme 更新默认 Gitweb 样式。
一. 准备工作:
1. 下载nginx并安装
推荐到nginx官方网站下载并安装,有很详细的教程. 参考资料: http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html
(1). 编辑repo文件,这里以64位的CentOS 7为示例:
> vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]name=nginx repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/gpgcheck=0enabled=1
(2). 保存退出后,使用yum安装.可以选择把动态模块也安装上,具体参见上述站点
> yum install nginx -y
2. 下载git并安装
(1).不推荐使用yum安装的git版本,过低了.到github下载最新的git源码. 下载地址: https://github.com/git/git/releases
> yum -y remove git> yum -y install perl cpio autoconf tk zlib-devel libcurl-devel openssl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker automake gcc> cd /usr/local/src; wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.11.1.tar.gz> tar zxf v2.11.1.tar.gz && cd git-2.11.1> autoconf && ./configure && make && make install> git --version
(2). 这个时候,git安装好了,可以选择较高的稳定版本.我用的时候2.11.1
3. 下载spawn-fcgi, fcgi-devel, fcgiwrap并安装
(1). 安装spawn-fcgi.github地址: https://github.com/lighttpd/spawn-fcgi
这里需要注意的是,如果你没有安装前面的automake和gcc,请这里一定要把这些依赖安装好.
> cd /usr/local/src;> git clone https://github.com/lighttpd/spawn-fcgi.git> cd spawn-fcgi && ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make && make install
(2). 安装fcgi-devel.
安装前,需要先安装epel源,不然安装不了fcgi-devel
> yum -y install epel-release> yum -y install fcgi-devel
(3). 安装fcgiwrap. GitHub地址: https://github.com/gnosek/fcgiwrap
> cd /usr/local/src> git clone https://github.com/gnosek/fcgiwrap.git> cd fcgiwrap && autoreconf -i && ./configure && make && make install
二. 配置
1. 添加Git的运行用户, Git仓库初始化
> useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin git> mkdir -p /data/git && cd /data/git> git init --bare repo.git && chown -R git.git /data/git> cd repo.git && mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update> git update-server-info
2. 编写fcgiwrap启动脚本
> vi /etc/init.d/fcgiwrap
脚本内容:
#! /bin/bash### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: fcgiwrap# Required-Start: $remote_fs# Required-Stop: $remote_fs# Should-Start:# Should-Stop:# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5# Default-Stop: 0 1 6# Short-Description: FastCGI wrapper# Description: Simple server for running CGI applications over FastCGI### END INIT INFOPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binSPAWN_FCGI="/usr/local/bin/spawn-fcgi"DAEMON="/usr/local/sbin/fcgiwrap"NAME="fcgiwrap"PIDFILE="/var/run/$NAME.pid"FCGI_SOCKET="/var/run/$NAME.socket"FCGI_USER="git"FCGI_GROUP="git"FORK_NUM=15SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAMEcase "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting $NAME... " PID=`pidof $NAME` if [ ! -z "$PID" ]; then echo " $NAME already running" exit 1 fi $SPAWN_FCGI -u $FCGI_USER -g $FCGI_GROUP -s $FCGI_SOCKET -P $PIDFILE -F $FORK_NUM -f $DAEMON if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then echo " failed" exit 1 else echo " done" fi ;; stop) echo -n "Stoping $NAME... " PID=`pidof $NAME` if [ ! -z "$PID" ]; then kill `pidof $NAME` if [ "$?" != 0 ]; then echo " failed. re-quit" exit 1 else rm -f $pid echo " done" fi else echo "$NAME is not running." exit 1 fi ;; status) PID=`pidof $NAME` if [ ! -z "$PID" ]; then echo "$NAME (pid $PID) is running..." else echo "$NAME is stopped" exit 0 fi ;; restart) $SCRIPTNAME stop sleep 1 $SCRIPTNAME start ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|status}" exit 1 ;;esac注意其中"FCGI_USER"和"FCGI_GROUP"以及"FORK_NUM",分别为fastcgi运行的用户,组以及进程数(进程数按需调整).需要与之后配置的nginx的worker用户一样.
记得修改一下读写权限以及设置脚本为开机启动.然后我们启动fastcgi
> chmod a+x /etc/init.d/fcgiwrap> chkconfig --level 35 fcgiwrap on> /etc/init.d/fcgiwrap start
3. nginx配置. yum安装的nginx已经默认配置了WebDAV模块,所以不用麻烦了.如果发现没有WebDAV模块的功能,可以参考nginx的官方文档中Dynamic Modules的说明: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#load_module
(1). 创建授权文件夹以及git的nginx设置文件
> mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/config> vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/git.conf
内容如下:
server { listen 80; server_name gitServer; root /usr/local/share/gitweb; client_max_body_size 100m; auth_basic "Git User Authentication"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/config/pass.db; location ~ ^.*\.git/objects/([0-9a-f]+/[0-9a-f]+|pack/pack-[0-9a-f]+.(pack|idx))$ { root /data/git; } location ~ /.*\.git/(HEAD|info/refs|objects/info/.*|git-(upload|receive)-pack)$ { root /data/git; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket; fastcgi_connect_timeout 24h; fastcgi_read_timeout 24h; fastcgi_send_timeout 24h; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $uri; fastcgi_param GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL ""; fastcgi_param GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /data/git; fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user; include fastcgi_params; } try_files $uri @gitweb; location @gitweb { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket; fastcgi_param GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/git/gitweb.conf; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $uri; include fastcgi_params; }}(2). 修改/etc/nginx/nginx.conf中的worker进程所有者.
# 将此处的nginx用户修改为git用户,以保证能调用到fastcgi(需要和fcgiwrap脚本中的FCGI_USER保持一致)
user git;worker_processes 1;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;pid /var/run/nginx.pid;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;}
4. 安装http-tools并添加认证用户
> yum -y install httpd-tools> cd /usr/local/nginx/config> htpasswd -c pass.db guestUser
> git config --global color.ui true
> git config --global user.name 'git'
> git config --global user.email 'example@example.com'
5. 配置gitweb,首先要确定默认安装的gitweb(采用源码安装git才会有)是否存在
> find /usr/local/share -name gitweb.cgi> cd /usr/local/share/gitweb && ll /usr/local/share/gitweb> vi /etc/git/gitweb.conf
gitweb.conf的配置内容如下:
# path to git projects (<project>.git)$projectroot = "/data/git";# directory to use for temp files$git_temp = "/tmp";# target of the home link on top of all pages$home_link = $my_uri || "/";# html text to include at home page$home_text = "indextext.html";# file with project list; by default, simply scan the projectroot dir.$projects_list = $projectroot;# javascript code for gitweb$javascript = "static/gitweb.js";# stylesheet to use$stylesheet = "static/gitweb.css";# logo to use$logo = "static/git-logo.png";# the 'favicon'$favicon = "static/git-favicon.png";
三. 启动nginx,fastcgi
> nginx -t> systemctl start nginx> /etc/init.d/fcgiwrap start
四. 问题收集:
1. 访问http://hostname/repo.git出现502错误,nginx错误日志中出现:connect() to unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream
解决方法: 检查selinux是否开启,如果开启,请关闭或者配置策略使其能被访问.
2. Can't locate CPAN.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib/perl5/vendorperl /usr/share/perl5/vendorperl /usr/lib/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
解决方法: yum -y install perl-CPAN
3. Can't locate CGI.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib/perl5/vendorperl /usr/share/perl5/vendorperl /usr/lib/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
解决方法: yum -y install perl-CGI
4. Can't locate Time/HiRes.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi line 20.
解决方法: yum -y install perl-Time-HiRes
五. Gitweb-theme 样式
如果觉得 gitweb 默认样式不好看，可以拿该样式替换
> cd /usr/local/src> git clone https://github.com/kogakure/gitweb-theme.git> cd gitweb-theme# -t 指定 gitweb 根目录，一路 y 即可> ./setup -vi -t /usr/local/share/gitweb --install
Git 教程系列文章：
GitHub 使用教程图文详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106230.htm
Git使用图文详细教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/136781.htm
Ubuntu Git安装与使用 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/136769.htm
Git 标签管理详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106231.htm
Git 分支管理详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106232.htm
Git 远程仓库详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106233.htm
Git 本地仓库（Repository）详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106234.htm
Git 服务器搭建与客户端安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101830.htm
Git 概述 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-05/101829.htm
分享实用的GitHub 使用教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-04/100556.htm
Git从入门到学会 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-10/135872.htm
Git基本操作详解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-10/135691.htm
Git创建远程仓库实例 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140737.htm
本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140779.htm
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