The music of the Classical period, which spans from 1750 to 1820, is characterized by simpler melodies and forms such as the sonatas. The piano was undoubtedly the primary instrument used by composers during this period. Here’s a timeline of important events in music history which happened during the 1750s all the way to 1820.
西方音乐古典主义时期以简单的旋律和曲式（例如奏鸣曲）为特征、钢琴为作曲家当之无愧的首选乐器。这段时期横跨了1750到1820年，总计70年的光阴。以下是西方音乐古典主义时期大事件的时间线。
01
J·S·巴赫雕像©
1750s'
Johann Sebastian Bach died. Also, in chamber music, the string quartet (consists of 2 violins, viola and cello) was popular. In New York, John Gay’s “The Beggar’s Opera” was performed.
△1750年 J·S巴赫去世。“两把小提琴，一把中提琴和一把大提琴大提琴”的弦乐四重奏配置在室内乐中获得青睐。约翰·盖伊的《乞丐歌剧》在纽约上演。
In Europe, the minuet was a popular dance.
△1751年 小步舞曲在欧洲成为流行舞种。
The composer and piano prodigy, Muzio Clementi was born.
△1752年 作曲兼钢琴神童，克列门蒂出生。
Italian composer and violinist, Giovanni Viotti, was born.
△1753年 意大利作曲家兼小提琴家，维奥蒂出生。
The Austrian composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was born.
△1756年 奥地利作曲家，莫扎特出生。
The Italian composers Niccolo Pasquali and Domenico Scarlatti passed away. Johann Stamitz, a German composer also died.
△1757年 意大利作曲家帕斯夸里和斯卡拉蒂、德国作曲家斯塔米茨离世。
Baroque composer George Frederic Handel passed away.
△1759年 巴洛克作曲家亨德尔离世。
02
本杰明·富兰克林改进玻璃口琴©
1760s'
Franz Joseph Haydn, an important figure in Classical music history, worked as Kapellmeister for Prince Pal Antal Esterhazy. Haydn was instrumental in establishing the symphony and string quartet.
△1761年 西方音乐史的重要人物、古典主义时期代表音乐家、“交响乐之父”“弦乐四重奏之父”海顿就任奥地利王子帕尔·安塔尔的乐队总监。
Benjamin Franklin improved the glass harmonica. In Charleston, South Carolina, a musical group called St. Cecilia Society was founded. Now aged 6, music prodigy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart toured Europe. Also, “Orfeo ed Euridice” by Christoph Willibald Gluck was created.
△1762年 本杰明·富兰克林改进玻璃口琴（18世纪最受欢迎的乐器之一）；南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的圣·塞西莉亚学会成立；时年6岁的莫扎特开始欧洲巡演；格鲁克经典歌剧《奥菲欧与尤丽狄茜》创作完成。
Johann Christian Bach performed in London. Also ,Mozart wrote his first symphony.
△1764年 J·C巴赫在伦敦演出；莫扎特完成了他的首部交响曲。
German composer Georg Philipp Telemann passed away. CPE Bach succeeded his as director of church music in Hamburg.
△1767年 德国作曲家泰勒曼离世，CPE巴赫继任了他的汉堡教堂音乐总监之位。
Junipero Serra led a group of Franciscan friars on a mission to teach Narive Americans polyphony and plainsong.
△1769年 朱妮佩洛·塞拉带领天主教修道士采集美洲原住民音乐。
03
贝多芬©
1770s'
German composer Ludwig van Beethoven was born. Also, the New England Psalm Singer, the first collection of music composed in America, was published by William Billings. In New York, Handel’s “Messiah”, was first performed. Meanwhile, Johann Christian Bach published his “6 Concerti for pianoforte’, op.7.
△1770年 德国作曲家贝多芬出生；威廉·比林斯出版了美国第一步音乐合集《新英格兰赞美诗歌集》；亨德尔“弥撒亚”在美国首演；JC巴赫的六首大键琴协奏曲（作品7）出版。
In Vienna, the waltz was popular
△1773年 华尔兹在维也纳盛行。
La Scala, a major opera venue was built in Milan. Also, a book on the history of music was published by Charles Burney.
△1776年 米兰建成享誉世界的斯卡拉歌剧院；查尔斯·伯尼出版音乐史专著。
Ludwig van Beethoven was presented by his father as a music prodigy. Also, La Scala opened.
△1778年 贝多芬之父宣扬其子为音乐神童。米兰斯卡拉歌剧院开张。
04
莫扎特耳像©
1780s'
Sebastiano Carezo invented the Spanish dance called “bolero”.
△1780年 卡雷索发明西班牙新舞种“波莱罗”。
The great classical musician, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, moved to Vienna where created some of his most popular works.
△1781年 伟大的古典主义音乐家莫扎特移居维也纳，并在此创作了他大部分传世之作。
Johann Chrisitian Bach passed away. Also, Italian composer and violinist Niccolo Paganini was born.
△1782年 J·C巴赫离世。意大利作曲家兼小提琴家帕格尼尼出生。
Wilhelm Friedemann Bach passed away.
△1784年 威廉·弗里德曼·巴赫（JS巴赫长子）离世。
Mozart’s father, Leopold, passed away. In Prague, Mozart’s “Don Giovanni”, premiered.
△1787年 莫扎特之父离世；其歌剧《唐·乔凡尼》在捷克布拉格首演。
CPE Bach passed away.
△1788年 C·P·E巴赫离世。
05
海顿像©
1790s'
In Vienna, Mozart’s “Cosi fan tutte” premiered.
△1790年 莫扎特歌剧《女人心》在维也纳首演。
Austrian composer, Carl Czerny, and German composer, Giacomo Meyerbeer, were born. In Vienna, Mozart’s “Magic Flute”, was first performed. Mozart also passed away in the same year. Also, Haydn’s first London Symphonies was performed.
△1791年 奥地利作曲家车尔尼和德国作曲家梅耶贝尔出生。莫扎特“魔笛”在维也纳首演，同年莫扎特去世。海顿第104交响曲“伦敦”问世。
Haydn becomes Beethoven’s teacher. Also, Italian composer Gioacchino Rossini was born.
△1792年 贝多芬拜海顿为师。意大利作曲家罗西尼出生。
Niccolo Paganini debuted as a violin virtuoso at age 11.
△1793年 11岁的帕格尼尼以小提琴演奏家身份出道。
The Paris Conservatory of Music was founded.
△1795年 法国巴黎音乐学院建院。
Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti and Austrian composer Franz Schubert were born.
△1797年 意大利作曲家多尼采蒂和奥地利作曲家舒伯特出生。
06
克拉拉·舒曼像©
1800s'
Beethoven’s “Symphony no.1 in c major” was first performed in Vienna.
△1801年 贝多芬《C大调第一交响曲》于维也纳首演。
The master of orchestration, Louis-Hector Berlioz, was born.
△1803年 管弦乐大师柏辽兹出生。
Felix Mendelssohn, one of the most prolific composer of the Romantic period, was born.
△1809年 浪漫主义时期最多产的作曲家之一，门德尔松出生。
On this year, two great Romantic composers were born; Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin and Robert Schumann.
△1810年两位浪漫主义时期最伟大的作曲家，肖邦、舒曼出生。
The figurehead of the New German school and the piano virtuoso Franz Liszt was born.
△1811年 “新德意志乐派”领头人、钢琴演奏家李斯特出生。
The German Composer Richard Wagner was born. That same year, Giuseppe Verdi ,another composer of opera music, was born. Another major event happened on this year, E.T.A Hoffmann proposed his idea of “the artist as spiritual hero” which became an important theme during the Romantic period.
△1813年 德国作曲家瓦格纳、歌剧作曲家威尔第出生。同年，德意志文学巨匠霍夫曼提出 “艺术家是精神领袖”理念，后成为浪漫主义时期重要的主题。
The French composer, Charles Gounod, was born.
△1818年 法国作曲家古诺出生。
Clara Wieck Schumann, the foremost female composer of the 19th century, was born.
△1819年 19世纪最著名的女性音乐家，克拉拉·舒曼出生。
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