一． 典型例句
1.can / could/be able to
1.My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended your lecture.( 否定式表示推测，表达“一定不会---”之意)
Jack can’t have arrived yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me．( 否定式表示推测，表达“一定不会---”之意)
2.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? ( 疑问句中表示推测，表达“可能---”之意，此处与how连用表示惊疑语气。)
3. —Could I borrow your dictionary？
—Yes, of course you can ．(表示许可,与Could对应)
4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out．(表示通过努力能够---)
5．The biggest problem for most plants, which can’t just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (表示事物本身具有的能力)
6．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometime. (表示偶尔可能)
7．My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it? ( could 在疑问句中表示推测)
2.may/might
1.—Is John coming by train？
—He should, but he may not． He likes driving his car．(表示推测，表达“可能---”之意)
2.Sorry I’m late． I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again．(表示推测，表达“可能---”之意)
3. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins． May I have a look？
—Yes, certainly．(征求对方的许可)
4．Liza may well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. (may well表示“有充足的理由做---”之意)
5．You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers may not like the design of the furniture.( might/may just as well 不妨---的好)
3.Should
1.I was really anxious about you．You shouldn’t have left home without a word．(表达“本不应该---”之意)
2．—When can I come for the photos？ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
—They should be ready by 12：00．(表达“按道理应该”之意)
3．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.( 表示“竟然”之意)
4．Ought to
There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party.You ought to have come,but why didn’t you?( ought to have done 本应该做而未做)
5．Shall
3. 一What does the sign over there read?
一“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”(用于第三人称, 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,表示“应, 必须”之意。)
4．------Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
----------You shan’t have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (在陈述语气中，主语是第二人称时，shall表示说话者的意图，含有意旨、命令、恫吓等意思。)
5. “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge. (在陈述语气中，主语是第三人称时，shall表示说话者的意图，含有意旨、命令、恫吓等意思。)
6．----The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it?
-----Of course. (shall用于疑问句，主语是一、三人称时表示说话者征求对方的意见或建议。)
6．Will
1.-----Write to me when you get home.
------ I will.(当对方用祈使句提出要求时，常用I will表示同意对方的意见，并将按对方的意见去做。)
2．Matches will not strike if they are damp.( 表示习惯, 经常性, 倾向性的“惯于, 总是”)
3．She will listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace.( will表示意愿)
7. would
1.John promised his doctor he would not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.(用于宾语从句中，表示“过去将来时”，表达过去“将要”之意。)
2．When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.( would 表示过去的习惯)
8.need
1.—Shall I tell John about it ？
—No, you needn’t ． I’ve told him already． (表示“没有必要”之意)。
2 As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing(need为实义动词 用法：need doing= need to be done)
3．We bought some food to the party but there was too much, so we needn’t have bought any.( needn’t have done本来没有必要做某事)
4.My friend spoke good Mandarin so I didn’t need to translate the speech for him.（didn’t need to表示“不必做某事，实际也没做”）
9.don’t have to
—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You don’t have to do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (表示按照目前的实际情况“不必，没必要”)
10. must
1.Johnny, you mustn’t play with the knife, you may hurt yourself． (表示“不可以；禁止”)
2．In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you must take care of your luggage.
(表示 “一定，必须” 之意,用来表示命令或者愿望)
3. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
—Great! You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it. (在肯定句中表示推测，表达“一定---”之意)
4.--------Who is the girl standing over there?
----------Well, if you must know, her name is Mabel.( 表示“偏要，一定要”)
二.典型考题分析
1.. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place.（2007 江西卷）
A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put
试题分析:由语境 “Where is my dictionary?”可以看出对话发生在现在, 而 “I put it here yesterday.”告诉我们放置这一动作是发生在过去;所以 “You it in the wrong place.”是以现在为起点对过去动作的推测. A.must put与C.might put中，情态动词后跟动词原形是对现在或将来的推测,而B.should have put中should表达 “应该,竟然”之意,不符合语境的意义,故选D.might have put,表示对过去动作的推测意思是 “可能---”用于陈述句中。
2．—Turn off the TV, Jack.. ____ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please. （2007 辽宁卷）
A.Should you be doing B. Shouldn't you be doing
C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing
试题分析: 由语境 “Turn off the TV, Jack.”及“Mum, just ten more minutes, please.”中的祈使语气及呼语“Jack& Mum”可以看出母亲对Jack的看电视行为非常生气。而A.Should you be doing与D. Will you be doing与“母亲的非常生气”语气不符合，B. Shouldn't you be doing与C. Couldn't you be doing用的是反诘句形式表达气愤的语气，而Could表示“能够”之意，语境中应表达“应该” 之意，故选B. Shouldn't you be doing 。
3. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. （08辽宁卷）
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
试题分析: 由语境 “he’s a nice person in general” 可以看出Peter一般情况下很好，由状语“at times”可知Peter偶尔也很难对付，故选C. can表示“偶尔可能”。
4．-----The room is so dirty.________we clean it?
-----Of course.(2003年北京春季)
A. Will B. Shall C.Would D. Do
试题分析: Shall用于一般疑问句时表示征求对方意见。根据答语Of course.可判断出对方在征求意见，“我们打扫一下好么？”，故选B. Shall 。
5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you. （08山东卷）
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
试题分析:本题的语境设计含有对否定前置句“I don’t think we ______ it without you”的理解，同时有语境“all your hard work last week”与“without you.”表明是对过去情况的推测，所以应表达“没有你我们一定不会应对”之意，故选B. could have managed。而D. can have managed中can是现在时，不符合时态。
三．2009情态动词试题汇编
1. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. （09安徽）
A . must B. may C. should D. would
2. On
A. need B. must C. should D. can
3. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. （09福建）
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
4.— It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.
— Oh, sorry. （09湖南）
A. must B. will C. may D. need
5. What do you mean, there are on
A. should B. would
C. will D. shall
6. It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the on
A. may B. can C. must D. should
7. —I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you _______（09四川）
A. could B. would C. should D. might
8. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. （09天津）
A. would B. should C. could D. might
9. —Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now. （09重庆）
A. shall be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
10. I can’t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. （09全国2）
A. can B. must C. will D. may
11. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. （09江苏）
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
试题分析:
1．由语境“are not necessarily shy不一定是害羞”可知，后面一句应该是一种推测语气，故选B. may 可能。而A . must表达“一定”之意，语气太过肯定。
2． 由语境“you ____ say about English people with certainty”可以看出应表达“许可” 之意
3． B 虚拟语气。由语境“But for the help of my English teacher”可以看出：此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。
4．由语境“It’s the office!”可知，“你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。”must表示“必须”的意思。故选A. must
5． 由语境“What do you mean, there are on
6．本题的句式结构为一个强调句型的句式。由语境“as he is the on
7．考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，故选C. should
8． 考查虚拟语气的用法。从语境中不难看出if从句中是对将来时间的假设，if从句对将来进行假设时动词的形式是:should+do / were to+do/ did,故选B. should。
9．由语境“Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?”表明对话发生在现在；又有“I saw her there just now.”表明前一句是一种表示肯定的推测语气，故选C. must be 。
10． 由语境“I can’t leave.” 表明“She told me that I stay here”应表达我必须呆在这儿，故选B. must。
11． 由语境“He did not regret saying what he did”可知语境是描述过去发生的事情，所以but后的一句“he it differently.”应是对过去情况的描述，故情态动词后应用have done结构，所以排除A.、B.选项。而D. must have expressed表达了“一定表达了”的意思，故选C. could have expressed ，表示“本能够用不同的方式表达”之意。
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