书面表达的高分策略
(1)避免普遍存在的问题
考生在写作中普遍存在以下六个方面的问题,我们应当吸取教训,在日常写作中或者考试中要力求避免。
1.审题不清。如题目要求用第一人称叙述方式,但有的考生以第三称来写。
2. 单词拼写错误多。
3. 固定搭配记忆不牢。
4. 同根形容词副词混用。
5. 句子结构不全。常表现在谓语上,尤其是漏掉be或多用be。
6. 不懂使用或错误使用过渡语,即关联词,致使篇章结构松散。
除此之外,考生答卷过程中还经常出现了中式英语、书写潦草、卷面不整洁、缺乏高级结构或高级词汇等问题。
(2)重视使用复杂结构
增加句子复杂性的常用方法有:
①改变句子的开头方式,不要一味地都是主语开头,可以把状语置于句首等。如:[原]Wemet at the school gate and went there together early in themorning.[改]Early in the morning we met at the school gate and wentthere together.
②通过合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。如:
[原]We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang anddanced. Some told stories. Some played chess. [改]After a shortrest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes andplaying chess.
③灵活运用省略句、倒装句、强调句、复合句、分词状语、感叹句、with的复合结构等多种句式。
省略句:If so, victory will be ours.
倒装句:Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
强调句:[原]Ah Fu had saved my little sister bravely. [改]It was AhFu who had saved my little sister bravely.
复合句:[原]We had to stand there to catch the offender. [改]Whatwe had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch theoffender.
分词短语:Satisfied with the result, he decided to go on with a newexperiment.
由with或without引导的短语。如:He sat in a chair with a newspaperin the hand.
对比:When I play, I feel excited, and after it I feelrelaxed.
(3)尽量使用高级词汇
可以从以下几个方面着手:
①注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词以增加文采。如:用make useof替代use,用catch sight of替代see等。
②使用一些很有“洋味”的单词。如:
Thank you for sharing the time with us. (用share而不用spend)
The way he views the world is very practical. (用view而不用lookat)
The noise nearly drove me mad. (用drive而不用make)
Tom had his leg broken last week. (用have…done而不用broke hisleg)
③避免重复使用同一单词或短语。如:用I like reading while my brotherenjoys watching TV.比用I like reading while my brother likeswatching TV.好。
(4)学会使用过渡词
在语句间恰当地使用关联词,使全文结构紧凑,过渡自然。常用的关联词有:
①举例:for example, for instance, such as等。
②列举理由:for one thing…and foranother…(一来……二来……)等。
③转折:however(然而),but(但是),after all(毕竟)等。
④总结:in a word(总之),in brief(总之),inconclusion(最后)等。
⑤因果:thanks to, as a result (of), due to, therefore, so, forthis reason等。
⑥强调:indeed(确实),certainly(一定),surely(确定),aboveall(尤其)等。
⑦对比:in the same way(同样地),just as(正如),compared with(与……比起来),on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面……另一方面……)等。
⑧递进:then(然后),besides(还有),furthermore(而且),moreover(此外),what’smore(而且), worse still= to make things worse(更糟糕的是)等。
(5)平时多写长文章
加强平时的作文训练,特别是高一、高二年级的作文训练是学生学好一门外语必不可少的一环。学生应重视在平时的写作训练中写长作文。作文主题可由老师设计,每周一到两篇;也可由学生自己挑选课内的优秀阅读文章作为材料,进行扩写、缩写或就其主题阐述个人看法,字数不限,越长越好。通过写长作文,让潜力得到最充分的发挥,有效地促进写作能力的提高。
总之,要想高考作文得高分,同学们除了掌握一些方法或技巧外,更重要的是要重视平时的作文训练,切实提高写作能力。只有这样,我们才可能出现更多的高分作文。
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