状语从句典型错误分析示例

 

1．“进行时+when+一般时”表示“正在……，就在这时”

孩子们正要离开学校，这时他们看见了一辆卡车。

【误】The children left school whenthey saw a truck.

【正】The children were leavingschool when they saw a truck.

2．while不能用于含有表示一时性动作的动词的句子

当我讲话的时候请安静。

【误】Please be quiet while Ispeak.

【正】Please be quiet while I amspeaking.

3．表示一时性动作的动词，如：finish, return,start, leave, come, reach, go要用其否定式与till/until连用

我恐怕要在他来之前才能完成工作。

【误】I'm afraid I can finish thework when he comes.

【正】I'm afraid I can't finish thework until/till he comes.

表持续性动作的动词，如：stay,wait要用其肯定形式与till/until连用。

我呆在那里直到他回来。

【误】I stayed there when hearrived.

【正】I stayed there until/till hearrived.

4．because所引导的从句可放在句首；for连接的分句不能放在句首

他不害怕，因为他很勇敢。

【误】For he was very brave, he feltno fear.

【正】He felt no fear, for he wasvery brave.

because表示直接的原因；for表示推断的原因。

一定是早晨了，鸟在叫呢。

【误】It must be morning now, becausethe birds are singing.

【正】It must be morning now, for thebirds are singing.

分析：早晨到来的直接原因是太阳升起，而决非是鸟唱歌。鸟唱歌只表示推断的原因。

5．不能把because或so用在同一个句子中来表述中文的“因为……所以……”

他因粗心而失败。

【误】Because he was careless, so hefailed.

【正】He failed because he wascareless.

【正】He was careless, so hefailed.

6．although引导让步状语从句，主句不再用任何连词。不能把although和but用在同一个句子中来表述中文的“虽然……但是……”

虽然他很累，但他仍继续向前走。

【误】Although he was tired, but hestill went on.

【正】Although he was tired, he stillwent on.

【正】He was tired, but he still wenton.

7．在否定句中，表示并列关系时连词不用and，而用or

我从没去过上海和南京。

【误】I have never been to Shanghaiand Nanjing.

【正】I have never been to Shanghaior Nanjing.