情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点，本文以全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析。
一、考查can的用法
a.考查can表示能力的用法。
在这一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。例如:
1.-Where's Mr. Lee? I have something unusual to tellhim.
-You________find him. He________Japan.(2003黑龙江)
A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to
C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to
2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?
-Sorry. It________in such a short time.(2003山东威海)
A. may do B. can't be done
C. must do D. needn't be done
3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I wantin it. (2002江西)
A. must B. have to C. need to D. can
4.________you mend my car? I______not start it.(2002常德市)
A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may
5.________she ride when she was three years old?(2002长沙市)
A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May
6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one yearago. (2002四川省)
A. can B. may C. could
Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C
b.考查can表示推测的用法。
在这一用法中,can意为"可能",表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:
7. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?
-No, it________be him. Mr. Li is much taller.(2003河北)
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't
8. -Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?
-No. It________be her. She is at school now.(2002重庆市)
A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may;won't
9. -Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?
-No, he________be there. He has gone to Tianjin.(2002新疆)
A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't
10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true?(2002广东)
A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can
Answers: 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. D
c. 考查can /could表示请求许可的用法
在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用CouldI /you...?句式,表示"我/你能……吗?"若表示同意要用can,不用could?例如:
11.-Could I look at your pictures?
-Yes, of course you________. (2003武汉)
A. could B. can C. will D. might
12.________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down thetelephone number. (2002北京市海淀区)
A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should
Answers: 11. B 12. B
二、考查must的用法
a.考查must表示义务的用法。
在这一用法中,must意为"必须","应该",表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn't表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。例如:
13.-May I go to the cinema, Mum?
-Certainly. But you________be back by 11 o'clock.(2003安徽)
A. can B. may C. must D. need
14.-SARS is such a terrible disease.
-Yes, it is. We________be more careful.(2003浙江嘉兴)
A. can B. may C. must D. need
15. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish________into theriver. (2003重庆)
A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown
C. can't throw D. may not throw
16. These books________out of the reading room. You have toread them here. (2003辽宁)
A. can't take B. must be taken C. can take D. mustn't betaken
17. Cars, buses and bikes________stop when traffic lightschange to red. (2002上海市)
A. can B. may C. must D. need
Answers: 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C
要注意must和haveto的用法区别：must表示说话人的主观看法,而haveto表示客观的需要,意思是"不得不" 例如:
18. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
-Sorry, I can't. I________take care of my little sister athome because my mother is ill. (2003南京)
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
Answer: 18. D
回答must开头的一般疑问句,如果是否定的回答,要用needn't或don'thave to,表示"不必","没有必要"的意思, 不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示禁止或不许,意思是"一定不要"的意思。例如:
19. -Must I finish the work before five o'clock?
-No, you________. (2003四川)
A. needn't B. mustn't C. have to
20. -________I come back before five o'clock?
-No, you________. But you________be back later than seveno'clock.(2002烟台市)
A. Need; must; mustn't B. May; mustn't; can't
C. Can; can't; can't D. Must; needn't; can't
21. -Must I clean the room right now?
-No, you________. You________clean it after lunch.(2002徐州市)
A. needn't; can B. needn't; may
C. mustn't; can D. mustn't; may
Answers: 19. A 20. D 21. B
b.考查must表示推测的用法。
在这一用法中,must意为"一定","肯定",表示可能性很大,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can't,表示"不可能"。例如:
22. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimmingpool. It ____be very expensive. (2003上海)
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't
23. This book________Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the bookcover. (2002河南)
A. must be B. may be C. can't be D. mustn't be
Answers: 22. A 23. A
三、考查may的用法
a.考查may表示请求许可的用法
在这一用法中,may表示许可或征询对方许可,表示"可以"的意思,常常与第一人称I连用,构成MayI... 句式,表示"我可以……吗?"肯定回答用Yes, youmay.; Yes, please.等;否定回答用No, you can't.或No, youmustn't.,不用No, you may not. 例如:
25. -________I have your name, please?
-Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L. (2002北京市东城区)
A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need
26. -May I go to the cinema, dad?
-No, you________. You must finish your homework first.(2002浙江金华市)
A. mustn't B. won't C. don't D. needn't
27. -May I smoke here?
-________, you________. It can be dangerous.(2002滨州市)
A. Yes; can B. No; can't
C. Yes; may D. No, needn't
Answers: 25. C 26. A 27. B
b.测试may表示可能性的用法。
在这一用法中,may表示可能性,意思是"也许","可能",通常用于肯定句中。例如:
28. You________go and ask Meimei. She________know the answer.(2003天津)
A. must; can B. must; may
C. need; can D. can; may
29. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You________cut yourfinger. (2002宁夏)
A. need B. must C. should D. may
Answers: 28. D 29. D
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