实用高中英语短语与句型词典
moment
1. at any moment 随时(可能有某情况)。如:
He’ll be here at any moment.他随时都会来。
You can go to see him at anymoment. 你可以随时去看他。
2. at the moment 现在,此刻,一时。如:
I am busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。
I know his address, but I can’t thinkof it at the moment. 我知道他的住址,但我一时想不起来。
注:若用于过去时态,则表示“当时”、“那时”。如:
He was ill at the moment.他当时生病了。
3. for a moment 一会儿。如:
Please wait for a moment.请稍等片刻。
Won’t you come in for amoment? 请进来一下好吗?
4. for the moment 暂时,目前。如:
We can leave it open for themoment. 我们可以暂时让它开着。
I have nothing to do for [at]themoment. 此刻我无事可做。
Stop discussing for themoment. 请暂停讨论。
5. in a moment 不久,很快,马上,立即。如:
I will be back in a moment.我马上回来。
They repaired the machine in amoment. 他们很快就把机器修好了。
6. the moment (that) 一……就……。如:
I started the moment I got yourletter. 我一收到你的信就动身了。
The moment I saw him I knew thatthere was no hope. 我一见到他就知道没有希望了。
more
1. more and more
(1) 越来越多的(修饰名词)。如:
More and more people began to move tothe city. 越来越多的人向城市搬迁。
More and more money was spent onit. 在这上面花的钱越来越多。
(2) 越来越……(修饰形容词、副词、动词等)。如:
As time went on, he found it more andmore difficult to support his family. 他日渐发觉要养活一家人是越来越难了。
The public is more and more growingto respect efficiency. 公众正在日益重视效率。
2. more or less
(1) 或多或少,在一定程度上,大体上。如:
The job is more or lessfinished. 工作大体上完成了。
His condition has more or lessimproved. 他的情况多少有些改进。
(2) 大约,左右。如:
The repairs will cost$50,more or less. 修理费大约要50美元。
This hospital has 50 patients more or less every day. 这家医院每天大约有50位病人。
(3) 一点也不(用于否定句)。如:
I didn’t understand it, more orless. 我一点也不懂。
3. more than
(1) 多于(通常后接数词)。如:
I’ve known him for more than twentyyears. 我已认识他 20多年了。
(2) 不只是,不仅仅是(通常后接名词、动词、从句等)。如:
He is more than a father toher. 他待她胜过父亲。
He more than smiled, butlaughed. 他不只是微笑,而是放声大笑。
The result was much more than Iimagined. 结果远远超过我的想像。
(3) 极其,非常(通常后接形容词、副词或分词等)。如:
She was more than kind to us.她对我们很友好。
He was more than upset by theaccident. 这个意外事故使他非常心烦意乱。
(4) 难以,完全不能(其后通常连用情态动词can)。如:
That is more than I can tell(=I can’ttell that). 那事我实在不明白。
4. more…than
(1) 比……多,比……更。如:
He has more books than me.他的书比我多。
He is more careful than theothers. 他比其他人更仔细。
注:more 受 much 和 many 的修饰, 应分别与不可数和可数名词连用。如:
His car cost much more money thanmine. 他的小汽车所花的钱比我的多得多。
There are many more people than weexpected. 比我们想象的人要多得多。
(2) 与其……不如。如:
He is more lucky than clever.与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。
He was more frightened thanhurt. 他伤倒不算什么,可受惊不小。
He is more (a) scholar than (a)teacher. 与其说他是位教师,不如说是位学者。
注:该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较(比较级必须more, 不能用加词尾 -er 的形式)。
5. no more
(1) 也不。如:
A:I cannot understand this atall. 我根本不懂这个。
B: No more can I. 我也不懂。
(2) 不能再多,没有更多的(表示数或程度)。如:
I can eat no more.我不能再吃了。
There is no more bread.没有面包了。
I have no more to say.我再没有什么要说的了。
(3) 不再(表示时间)。如:
I’ll go there no more.我将再也不去那里了。
注:这样用的 no more 通常用于句末, 一般要与非延续性动词连用。该结构与 not……any more 换用,后者用法更广, 可用于延续性或非延续性动词。如:
He doesn’t work here any more.他不在这儿工作了。
6. no more than 仅仅,只有,只不过。如:
He is no more than an ordinaryEnglish teacher. 他只不过是个普通的英文老师。
It is no more than) a mile to therailway station. 去火车站不过一英里。
7. no more…than 同……一样不。如:
He is no more a writer than apainter. 他不是画家,也不是作家。
A whale is no more a fish than ahorse is. 马不是鱼,鲸也不是鱼。
He can no more swim than I canfly. 他不会游泳,就像我不会飞一样。
注:该结构用于两者比较,并且否定两者,有时相当于 neither…nor…。如以上前面两句也可写成:
He is neither a writer nor a painter.
Neither a horse nor a whale is afish.
另外,比较 not more……than(不如,不比)。如:
I am not more clever than heis. 我不如他聪明。
She is not more beautiful than hermother. 她不如她母亲漂亮。
8. the more…,the more(less)… 越……越(不)……。如:
The more I see of him, the less Ilike him. 我越是见他,越是不喜欢他。
The more you know, the more you’llrealize how little you know. 你知道得越多,你就越会体会到你知道得那么有限。
9. what’s more 而且。如:
He came home after midnight, andwhat’s more, he was drunk. 他半夜过后才回家,而且喝醉了。
He learns easily, and what’s more, heremembers what he has learnt. 他学习起来很容易,而且他所学习过的都记得住。
most
1. at (the) most 至多,最多。如:
He is 25 years old, at (the)most. 他至多25岁。
At most, I’ll be away twodays. 我最多离开2天。
He got $50, at (the) most, for whathe did. 他所做的工作最多只得了50美元的报酬。
2. for the most part 大部分,基本上,多半,一般说来。如:
I agree for the most part with whatyou say. 我基本上同意你所说的。
The students could for the most partfollow my lecture. 学生们基本上能理解我讲课的内容。
3. make the most of 充分利用,善为利用。如:
She’s not really beautiful, but shemakes the most of her looks. 她并不十分漂亮,但很会打扮。
He studies hard. He wants to make themost of his chance to learn. 他学习很努力,他要尽量利用学习的机会。
4. most of 大多数,大部分。如:
I know most of them.我认识他们大部分人.
Most of her money was stolen.她的大部分钱被走偷了。
mouth
1. by word of mouth 口头上。如:
I’ve informed him by word ofmouth. 我已口头告诉了他。
2. from hand to mouth 现挣现吃,仅能糊口地。如:
They can only live from hand tomouth. 他们的日子是只能糊口。
3. from mouth to mouth 口口相传,人传人地,很快地。如:
The news spread rapidly from mouth tomouth. 这条消息很快就传开了。
much
1. be too much for sb 对某人太难,为某人力所不能及。如:
That’s too much for me.这我受不了。
I’m afraid the trip is too much forher. 我怕旅途太劳累了。
His parents’ expectation was too muchfor him. 他父母对他的期望太高了。
2. Much as
(1) 非常像。如:
Plants need food, much as animalsdo. 植物需要养料,就像动物一样。
(2) 尽管。如 :
Much as I want to, I can’tcome. 尽管我想来,但还是不能来。
3. much too 太……。如:
You are much too kind to me.你对我实在太好了。
This one is much too big.这个确实太大了。
注:much too 是 too 的强势语,用法与 too 相似。比较:too much 为 much 的强势语,用法与 much 相似。如:
There’s too much water.水太多了。
You have given me too much.你已经给我太多了。
4. so much for 到此为止,到此结束。如:
"So much for today. " said theteacher. “今天就讲到这里吧”,老师说道。
So much for that. Let’s talk aboutsomething else now. 此事就谈到此,我们谈点别的什么吧。
music
1. face the music 承担后果,受处罚。如:
It’s your mistake; now face themusic. 这是你的错,现在去承但责任吧。
For years he’s been selfish andirresponsible, and now he’s got to face the music.几年来他一直自私自利, 不负责任,现在他该承但后果了。
must
1. if you must 如果你一定要做的话。如:
A:Can I watch TV tonight, Mum?妈妈,今晚我可以看电影吗?
B:If you must. 如果你一定看的话就看吧。
2. must be doing 一定在做某事。如:
She must be crying.她一定在哭。
He must be writing a letter to hisgirl friend. 他一定在给他女朋友写信。
注:若表示从过去到现在一直在延续的事,则用must have beendoing。如:
They must have been talking aboutit. 他们一定一直在谈论此事。
3. must have done 一定已经做了某事。如:
I can’t find my pen anywhere. I musthave lost it. 我的钢笔到处都找不到,我一定是把它弄丢了。
I didn’t hear the phone. I must havebeen asleep. 我没有听到电话铃,我一定是睡着了。
N
name
1. by name
(1) 名叫。如:
I met a man, John by name.我见到一个名叫约翰的人。
比较:
Do you know a man by the name ofJohn? 你知道有个名叫约真的人吗?
(2) 凭名字,用名字。如:
I know him only by name.我只听人说起过他的名字。
We all call him by name.我们都叫他名字。
2. in name 名义上,有名无实。如:
He is a specialist in name but not inreality. 他名义上是专家,但实际上不是。
He was a professor in name only, anddid no work at the university. 他只是个挂名教授,不在大学里工作。
3. name after [for] 以……的名字命名。如:
The boy is named after [for] hisgrandfather. 这男孩是以其祖父的名字取名的。
4. name sb sb
(1) 给某人取名为某名。如:
We named our son George.我们给儿子取名为乔治。
(2) 任命某人为某职。如:
The President named him Secretary ofState. 总统任命他为国务卿。
nature
1. by nature 生性地,天生地。如:
She is generous by nature.他生性慷慨。
He is a careful man by nature.他是个天生小心的人。
2. in nature
(1) 本质上,事实上。如:
His problem was personal innature. 他的问题本质上属个人问题。
(2) 究竟,到底。如:
What in nature do you want?你到底想要什么?
near
1. come near to (doing) sth 几乎做某事,差不多做某事。如:
Dark brown comes near toblack. 深褐色近乎黑色。
He came near to killing her.他差点儿杀了她。
She came near to tears. / She camenear to crying. 她差点哭了。
注:有时该结构中的介词 to 可以省略。如:
I came near forgetting myraincoat. 我差点把雨衣给忘了。
2. near at hand 即将到来,在近旁。如:
The examinations are near athand. 考试即将要到了。
I always keep a dictionary near athand. 我总是将词典放在随手可拿到的地方。
3. near by 在附近。如:
Is there a hospital near by?这附近有医院吗?
Does the man live near by?这个人住在附近吗?
nearly
1. not nearly 远非,远不及,根本没有。如:
There isn’t nearly enough time tolearn all these words.
要把这些生词都学会,时间远远不够。
It’s not nearly so difficult as youthink. 这远不像你想象的那么难。
2. pretty [very] nearly 几乎,差不多。如:
The car is pretty nearly new.这汽车几乎是全新的。
necessary
1. be necessary to [for] sb (sth) 对某人(某物)有必要。如:
Sleep is necessary to [for]health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。
Food is necessary for [to]life. 食物对生命是必要的。
2. if necessary 如果有必要的话。如:
This discussion can, if necessary, becontinued tomorrow. 如有必要,这个讨论明天可以继续进行。
3. it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人做某事是有必要的。如:
It’s necessary for us to buy acomputer. 我们买台电脑是有必要的。
注:该句型可与后接从句的句型互换(从句通用虚拟语气)。如:
It’s necessary that we (should) buy acomputer.
need
1. needn’t do sth 不必做某事。如:
He needn’t come to themeeting. 他不必来开会了。
You needn’t tell him; he has knownit. 你不必告诉他了,他已经知道了。
2. needn’t have done 本来不必做某事。如:
You needn’t have left soearly. 他本来不必那么早离开的。
We needn’t have told him aboutit. 我们本来不必把此事告诉他的。
比较:didn’t need to do 与 needn’t have done:前者表示因为没有做某事的必要,所以没有去做;后者表示某事已经做了,但后来觉得没必要去做,含有责备或遗憾之味。如:
I didn’t need to get up early thismorning, so I stayedin bed until 9 a. m. 今天早上我不必早起, 所以我一直睡到上午9点钟才起床。
I got up early, but I needn’t havedone so, because I hadno work to do that morning.我起床起得很早,但我本来不必起那么早的,因为我那天早上没什么事做。
3. need doing sth 需要做某事。如:
The room needs cleaning.这房间需要打扫了。
Your hair needs cutting.你的头发该理了。
The old man needs lookingafter. 这位老人需要人照顾。
注:这里的 need 表示“需要”,这类结构的主语其实就是其后动名词的逻辑宾语,但值得注意的是,该动名词虽含有被动意味但却不用被动形式,但若改为不定式,而要用被动式,如以上三句也可说成:
The room needs to be cleaned.
Your hair needs to be cut.
The old man needs to be looked after.
4. if need be 如果需要的话。如:
I can show him how to do it, if needbe. 如有必要我可以给他示范如何做。
If need be, I can do extra work atthe weekend. 必要时我可以在周末加班。
注:该结构中的 be 不可改为 is, are 等。
5. in need of 需要。如:
Are they in need of money(help)? 他们需要钱(帮助)吗?
They are in great need of Englishteachers. 他们急需英语教师。
6. have (no) need of 需要(不需要)……。如:
I have need of a friend.我需要有个朋友。
We have need of knowledge.我们需要知识。
We have no need of money(doctors). 我们不需要钱(医生)。
注:有时也用介词 have (no) need for,但不常见。
7. There’s a (no) need for 需要(不需要)……。如:
There is no need for help.不需要帮助。
There is a great need for a new bookon the subject. 非常需要有一本这方面的新书。
There is a growing need for newhousing in this area. 这一地区对新房的需求在不断增长。
注:有时也用介词 There’s a (no) need of,但不常见。
8. the need to do sth 做某事的必要。如:
We have no need to be afraid ofthem. 我们没必要他们。
I feel a need to talk to you aboutit. 我觉得有必要和你谈谈那件事。
注:有时也用 the need of doing sth的形式。如:
There’s no need of hurrying [tohurry]. 没必要匆匆忙忙。
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