实用高中英语短语与句型词典
shout
1. shout at sb 对某人大声叫嚷。如:
Don’t shout at me.别冲着我喊。
He was so angry that he shouted ateveryone present. 他很生气,冲着在场的每一个人都大声叫嚷。
2. shout to sb 大声喊某人。如:
He shouted to me across theroom. 他在房间的另一端大声叫我。
He was too far away and I had toshouted to him. 他太远,我只好大声喊他。
注:shout at sb 与 shout to sb的区别为:前者多指因生气或不满等原因而非善意地对某人吼叫,后者多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊(否则对方无法听见),不带特别的感情因素。
show
1. show sb sth / show sth sb 拿某物给某人看。如:
She showed me her book. / She showedher book to me. 她把她的书拿给我看。
Please show me your photo. / Pleaseshow your photo to me. 请给我看看你的照片。
注:有时用于比喻义。如:
Show her some kindness. / Show somekindness to her. 对她客气些。
2. show sb how to do sth 教某人做某事。如:
He showed me how to do it.他教我如何做此事。
He showed us how to operate themachine. 他教我们如何操作这机器。
注:该用法中的 how 通常不能省略。
3. show sb to be 表明(证明)某人是……。如:
This showed him to be a goodteacher. 这说明他是一位好老师。
注:其中的 to be 有时可以是 to do 型,但通常用完成式。如:
His record shows him to have workedhard at school. 他的成绩证明他在校学习很用功。
4. show sb (a)round 陪某人参观,带某人到处看看。如:
He showed us round thefactory. 他带我们参观了工厂。
We were shown around by theteacher. 老师带着我们到处看了看。
5. show one’s face 露面。如:
He daren’t show his face in thestreet. 他不敢在街上露面。
注:有时也说 show oneself / showup。如:
We waited for an hour but he didn’tshow herself [up]. 我们等了一个小时,但他还没有来。
shy
1. (be) shy of sb (sth, doing sth)
(1) 羞于做某事(其后通常接动名词)。如:
He is shy of talking about the prizehe has won. 他羞于谈起他获得的奖。
注:此用法中的介词 of 也可换成 about。如:
He was not shy of [about] offeringsuggestions. 他并不怯于提建议。
(2) 提防某人(某事),躲避的某人(某事),害怕某事(某人)。如:
His eye trouble made him shy ofsight. 眼病使他怕光。
I’m a bit shy of that sort ofperson. 我对那样的人有点不放心(有点怕)。
(3) 不敢做某事(其后通常接动名词)。如:
This made me shy of trying itagain. 这使我不敢再试了。
I’m shy of buying shares, in case Ilose money. 我不敢买股票,怕赔钱。
(4) 缺(少,差)某事物。如:
We are shy of money.我们缺钱。
He is two months shy of hiseighteenth birthday. / He is shy two months of his eighteenthbirthday. 他还差2个月就18岁了。
注:表示此义时,其是的介词 of 有时可换成 on。如:
The house is shy of [on] abathroom. 这房间缺一个浴室。
We have plenty of wine, but we’re shyon beer. 我们有足够的葡萄酒,但啤酒不够。
2. be shy with sb 与某人在一起时怕羞。如:
He is shy with women.他与女人在一起时怕羞。
He was shy with strangers.他和生人在一起怕羞。
比较:He was shy of strangers.他怕见生人。
3. be too shy to do sth 太害羞而不敢做某事。如:
He is too shy to speak to her.他太害羞,不敢同她讲话。
He is too shy to ask anyone forhelp. 他太害羞不敢向任何人请求帮忙。
sick
1. be sick at [about] (doing) sth 对(做)某事恼火(不愉快)。如:
He’s sick at failing the exam.他考试没及格感到不高兴。
We’re pretty sick about losing thematch. 我们比赛输了感到很恼火。
2. be sick of sb (sth, doing sth) 厌烦某人(某事,做某事)。如:
I’m really sick of housework.我的确厌烦做家务事。
I’m sick of listening to yourcomplaints; be quiet. 我听够了你的抱怨,别说了。
注:该用法的 be sick of 常可换成 be tired of。
3. (be) sick with sth 患某种病。如:
She is sick with a cold.她患感冒。
He is off sick with flu.他因患流感而未上班。
注:be sick with sb 意为“对某人不高兴”。如:
He was sick with me for beinglate. 他对我的迟到不高兴。
4. become [fall, get] sick 生病。如:
He suddenly became [fell, got]sick. 他突然病倒了。
5. the sick 病人(们)。如:
They have come to see thesick. 他们已来看望过病人。
The sick were allowed to passfree. 病人可以免费通过。
side
1. on [from] all sides 从四面八方。如:
On all sides there weredifficulties. 到处都有困难。
They were attacked from allsides. 他们四面受击。
2. on the side of 在……一边。如:
On one side of the window is amirror, and on the other a painting. 窗子的一边是一面镜子,另一边是一幅画。
3. side by side
(1) 肩并肩,并排(用于本义)。如:
They lined up side by side for thephotograph. 他们并排站着照相。
(2) 并肩,相互支持(用于引申义)。如:
We stand side by side with you inthis dispute. 我们在这次辩论中相互支持。
4. take sides 支持(偏袒)某一方。如:
He took sides with me against theboss. 他支持我反对老板。I won’t take sides in thisargument. 在这场争论中我不会偏袒任何一方。
sight
1. at first sight 第一次见到。如:
She fell in love with the cottage(her) at first sight. 她一见到这小屋(她)就喜欢上了。
2. at sight 一看见。如:
He can play and sing at sight.他一看谱就能演唱。
注:若注明看见某东西,则用 at the sight of。如:
At the sight of the police they ranaway. 他们一看到警察就跑走了。
3. catch sight of 看见,望到。如:
Then one of us caught sight ofher. 后来我们当中有一个人看见了她。
If you catch sight of him, ask him tocome and see me. 如果你见到他,叫他来看我。
注:有时其后可以是动名词。如:
I caught sight of her hurryingaway. 我看见她匆匆忙忙地走了。
4. in sight 在视线范围内,可以看见。如:
The train is still in sight.火车还看得见。
Peace is now in sight.和平在望。
5. lose sight of
(1) 看不见。如:
We lost sight of the boat in thefog. 雾中我们再不看不见那条小船。
(2) 忽略。如:
We shouldn’t lose sight of the mainpurpose of the meeting. 我们不应该忘记这次会议的主要目的。
6. out of sight 在视线范围之外,看不见。如:
The plane is now out of sight.飞机现在看不见了。
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不想。
sign
1. sign one’s name 签名。如:
The artist had signed his name in thecorner of the painting. 这位画家在画的角上签了名。
注:有时可省略 one’s name。如:
Sign (your name) here, please.请在这儿签名。
2. sign sth 在某物上签名。如:
He forgot to sign the check.他忘记在支票上签名。
注:上句也可说成 He forgot to sign his name on thecheck.
3. sign (to, for) sb to do sth 打手势示意某人做某事。如:
The teacher signed us to bequiet. 老师示意我们安静。
The policeman signed (to, for) me tostop. 警察打手势叫我停下。
silence
1. break the silence 打破沉默。如:
The silence was broken by a loudsilence. 一声大叫打破了沉静。
2. in silence 沉默地,一言不发地,不声不响地。如:
They walked on in silence.他们默默向前走去。
He smoked for some time insilence. 他一声不响地抽了一阵烟。
silent
1. be silent on [about] sth 对某事不表态(没有记载)。如:
History is silent about [upon] thisperson. 历史对这个人没有记载。
You’d better be silent about whathappened. 对所发生的事你最好只字不提。
2. fall silent 变得安静。如:
The class fell silent when theteacher entered. 老师进来时,全班学生都安静下来。
注:也可说成 become silent。
3. keep silent 保持安静,不说话。如:
You’d better keep silent.你最好什么也别说。
silly
1. It’s silly of sb to do sth 某人做某事是蠢的。如:
It’s silly of you to do so.你这样做真蠢。
It’s silly of her to tell herhusband. 她告诉了她丈夫真是愚蠢。
注:以上各句也可改写为:
You are silly to do so.
She is silly to tell her husband.
similar
1. be similar to 与……相似。如:
My problems are similar toyours. 我的问题与你的差不多。
A cat is similar to a tiger in manyways. 猫在很多方面与虎相像。
注:英语通常不说 be similar as[with],也不说as similar as。
2. be similar in 在……方面相似。如:
The two houses are very similar inappearance. 这两座房子外表很相象。
His house is similar to mine inappearance. 他的房子和我的房子外表上很相像。
since
1. ever since 自从……以来,从此以后。如:
We’ve been friends ever since we metat school. 自我们在学校相识以来就一直是朋友。
We came here in 1980 and have livedhere ever since. 我们于1980来此,此后就一直住在这儿。
2. It is some time since… 自从……以来有多久。如:
It is five years since heleft. 他已离开五年了。
It’s three months since he wentabroad. 他出国三个月了。
3. since when 从何时开始。如:
Since when has he been workinghere? 从什么开始他就一直在这里工作?
Since when have you livedhere? 从什么时候开始你就住在这里了?
sing
1. sing sb sth / sing sth for sb 为某人唱歌。如:
She sang us an English song. / Shesang an English song for us. 她给我们唱了首英语歌。
注:有时用介词 to。如:
Sing your father a song, Mary. Singone of your new songs to [for] him. 玛丽,给你父亲唱首歌吧,唱首新歌给他听。
2. sing sb to sleep 唱歌使某人睡着。如:
She tried to sing the baby tosleep. 她设法唱歌使孩子入睡。
size
1. of a size 大小相同。如:
They are both of a size.它们两个大小一样。
All the desks are of a size.所有这些课桌的大小都是一样的。
比较:They are of the same size.他们大小一样。
We have boxes of differentsizes. 我们有各种规格的盒子。
2. the size of sth
(1) 某物的大小。如:
What’s the size of the box?这箱子有多大?
Take the size of the room.量一量这房间的大小。
(2) 与某物大小相当。如:
There were rats the size ofcats. 有些老鼠在猫那么大。
It’s about the size of an egg.它与一个鸡蛋的大小差不多。
sleep
1. go to sleep 入睡,睡着。如:
Now go to sleep and stop worryingabout it. 快睡吧,别再为此担心了。
He went to sleep while he was inchurch. 他在教堂里做礼拜时睡着了。
注:有时也说成 get to sleep。如:
He got to sleep at midnight.他半夜才睡着。
2. have a sleep 睡觉。如:
Did you have a good sleep?你睡得好吗?
I think I’ll go upstairs to have asleep. 我想上楼去睡一觉。
3. send sb to sleep 使某人入睡。如:
The soft music sent him tosleep. 这柔和的音乐使他睡着了。
4. sleep late 起床迟。如:
He often sleeps late.他经常起床很迟。
He was so tired that he slept lateinto the next morning. 他累极了,一直睡到第二天上午。
注:sleep late 的本意是“睡到很迟的时候”,即“起床迟”,注意不直译为“睡得迟”。
slow
1. be slow in doing sth 做某事很慢或反应很迟钝。如:
He is slow in understanding.他理解迟钝。
He is slow in arriving.他总是姗姗来迟。
2. be slow to do sth 不易于或不愿意做某事。如:
He is slow to show anger.他不易发怒。
He is not slow to tell us what hethinks. 他总是毫不犹豫地把他的想法告诉我们。
注:be slow in doing 与 be slow to do 的区别如上,但在现代英语中,两者有时可换用,且有时介词 in 也可换成 about, 甚至省略。如:
They were very slow (about, in)paying me. 他们没有痛痛快快地把钱付给我。
I’d be slow to accept [aboutaccepting] these terms. 我不会轻易接受这些条件。
The government was slow in acting [toact]. 政府行动缓慢。
3. slow down [up]
(1) 减速,缓行。如:
The car slowed down.汽车放慢了速度。
Don’t slow up now!现在别慢下来。
Business slowed up [down] afterChristmas. 圣诞节后生意清淡了。
(2) 松驰下来。如:
Slow up a bit, or you’ll makeyourself ill. 别那么卖力气,不然你会累出病来的。
smell
1. smell like 闻起来像……。如:
This smells like an orange.这东西闻起来有桔子的味道。
It smells like a hospital in here—hasanyone been using disinfectant? 这里好像有医院的味道,有谁在用清毒剂吗?
2. smell of 有……的气味。如:
This room smells of paint.这房间有油漆味。
Babies smell of milk.婴儿都有股乳香味。
3. smell sth (sb) doing sth闻到(感觉到)某物(某人)在做某事。如:
I (can) smell somethingburning. 我闻到了烧焦的气味。
I could smell someonecheating. 我感觉到有人在作弊。
smile
1. be all smiles 笑容满面,非常高兴。如:
He is all smiles. 他笑容满面。
She was all smiles at thenews. 听到这个消息她非常高兴。
2. smile at
(1) 对(冲)……笑。如:
The baby smiled at me sosweetly. 这婴儿对我笑咪咪。
(2) 嘲笑。如:
He always smiles at what shesays. 他老是嘲笑她的话。
3. smile on (命运、运气、胜利等)向……微笑或对……有利。如:
Luck has always smiled on him.他运气一直很好。
The weather smiled on us; it was afine day. 天公作美,那是个大晴天。
smooth
1. smooth away
(1) 克服。如:
What can I do to smooth away thesedifficulties? 我要怎么做才能排除这些困难?
(2) 消除。如:
His new job smoothed away his worryabout money. 他的新工作使他消除了经济上的后顾之忧。
2. smooth down
(1) 弄平。如:
He smoothed down his hair.他弄平了头发。
(2) (使)平静。如:
She smoothed down her husband’sanger. 她使她丈夫的火气平息了下来。
3. smooth over
(1) 掩饰。如:
He tried to smooth over hiserrors. 她设法掩饰他的错误。
(2) 平息。如:
I will try to smooth their quarrelover. 我要设法平息他们的争吵。
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