模块3 Unit 3 Back to the past
1. bury vt. 覆盖；埋葬；埋藏
Unfortunately，all the people were buried alive，and so was the city!
不幸的是，所有的人都被活埋了，城市也不例外！
归纳拓展
①Two cars were buried in the mudslide.
两辆车被埋在泥流中。
②The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.坑道塌方，矿工都被活埋。
③He was sitting with his head buried in a book.
他坐着埋头读书。
2. ruin vt. 毁灭/坏，使破产
n．[U] 毁坏，毁灭，崩溃；(金钱等的)完全丧失
[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹
An archaeologist from the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that 100 years ago the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.
一个来自本地文化研究所的考古学家，张教授告诉我们100年前瑞典探险家Sven Hedin发现了古楼兰王国的遗址。
①Alcohol and drugs almost ruined his career.
酒精和毒品几乎毁掉了他的事业。
②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
③Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
易混辨析
damage，harm，hurt，ruin，destroy
这五个动词均有“损害，伤害”之意。
(1)damage多用于无生命的东西，指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，而且还可以修复”。这种损坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的。
(2)harm指对人或物的伤害或损坏，侧重身体或心理上的伤害。
(3)hurt指任何肉体或精神上的伤害，强调其痛苦的后果。
(4)ruin通常指无可挽回的伤害，但不一定指完全毁灭，含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。此外ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“坏了”。
(5)destroy强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉；也可用于比喻，表示“打破(希望、计划)，使失败”。
①You will ruin no more lives as you ruined mine.
②There was an unexpected explosion in our street，but our building wasn’t harmed at all.
③The fire destroyed most of the buildings.
④You’ll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.
⑤Jack had an accident and damaged his bike.
3. drive v． 驱使，迫使；驱赶；驾驶，开车
n． 开车旅行，开车路程；驱动器
The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool.
尽管我穿着很薄的棉裤保持凉爽，但是热量还是逼得我要发疯。
①Could you drive me home?
你可以开车送我回家吗？
②This job is enough to drive you to drink.
这项工作足以把任何人逼得借酒消愁。
③A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything.
嫉妒心可以使人什么都做得出来。
④He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it’s driving me mad.地板上到处都是他扔的脏衣服，真要把我给气疯了。
4. concerned adj. 担心的，关心的；有关的
A concerned citizen
一位关心这件事的市民
归纳拓展
everyday concerns日常事务
feel concern about忧虑，挂念
have no concern for毫不关心
show concern for sb./sth.关心某人/某事
with concern关切地
(4)concerning prep.关于
①The president is deeply concerned about this issue.总统对这个问题深感担忧。
②Businesses concerned with the oil industry do not support solar energy research.
与石油有关的企业都不支持太阳能的研究。
③We asked the American professor many questions concerning American higher education after class.课后我们问了那位美国教授许多关于美国高等教育方面的问题。
④It is impossible so far as we are concerned.
就我们而言，这是不可能的。
⑤She is always concerning herself about other people’s business.她老是操心别人的事。
⑥That’s no concern of mine.这不关我的事。
5. declare vt. 宣布；声明；表明；断言；宣称
vi. 声明；(公开)表态
The next day，US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.
第二天，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福宣布对日作战。
归纳拓展
declare that...宣布……
declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare for/against...公开表示支持/反对
declare war on/against(对……)宣战
declaration n.宣布，宣言，宣告，声明；申报，声明(书)
①Severe flooding prompted the governer to declare a state of emergency Tuesday.
严重的洪水迫使州长星期二宣布进入紧急状态。
②Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。
③His actions declared him(to be)an honest man.
他的行动说明他是个老实人。
易混辨析
announce，declare
都有“宣布，公布”之意，但各有侧重。
(1)announce 指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。
(2)declare 指正式和明确地向公众“宣布，宣告，声明”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。
①The government announced that all the war prisoners would be set free.
②The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner.
6. remains n． 残余物；遗迹；遗体；遗址
Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand，together with a lot of treasures，such as coins，painted pots，silk materials，documents and wall paintings.
斯文发现了埋葬在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹，以及很多诸如钱币、彩绘罐、丝绸、文献和壁画等珍贵文物。
①She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.
她把剩下的午饭喂狗了。
②One remaining couple carried on dancing.
还剩下一对夫妻继续在跳舞。
③There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
关于那个工程的实用价值，人们还是心存某种疑虑。
④You have the right to remain silent.
你有保持沉默的权利。
⑤Worse things remain to be told.
更糟的事情留待以后再说。
⑥Remain here till I return.留在这儿，直到我回来。
7. condition n.
Most of them were in good condition.
它们中大多数都保存完好。
归纳拓展
in good condition状态良好；身体健康
out of condition身体不适
on condition that条件是
on no condition决不(如果放在句首，句子倒装)
on this/that/what condition在这个/那个/什么条件下
living/housing/working conditions生活/住房/工作条件
①The car has been well maintained and is in excellent condition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。
②They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend.
他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。
③She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.
她帮助改善监狱的条件，让囚犯劳动，接受教育。
8. carry out 实施；执行；实现；完成
A surprise attack was carried out there by the Japanese in 1941.
1941年，日本军队进行了一次突然袭击。
归纳拓展
(1)carry out 后常接以下词作宾语：
carry out a plan 执行计划
carry out a promise 实践诺言
carry out an order 执行命令
carry out repairs 进行维修
carry out the test 进行考试
carry out an experiment 进行实验
carry out an instruction 遵照指示
carry out a suggestion 执行建议
(2)carry 构成的短语：
carry off 夺取(生命)；获得(奖项)；应付,
carry on 继续下去
carry away 运走；使……失控/着迷
carry through 贯彻，完成，维持
①Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.已对患者进行了全面检查。
②Teenagers carried out a survey on attitudes to drugs.青少年对人们对待毒品的态度进行了调查。
③We’ll carry on our conversation tomorrow.
我们明天继续展开对话。
④His courage will carry him through。
他的勇气会帮他渡过难关。
⑤She was carried away by the music and started to sing it herself.她被那乐曲迷住了，也跟着唱起来。
⑥He carried off most of the prizes.
他赢得了大部分奖项。
9. in memory of 纪念
In memory of the Americans who died in the attack，a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the sunken battleship Arizona.
为了纪念在袭击中丧生的美国士兵，在珍珠港的沉船的残骸上方，国家建立了一座纪念碑。
归纳拓展
(1)in memory of＝to the memory of...为了纪念……
(2)类似搭配,in praise of赞美，歌颂
in honour of为了向……表示敬意
in search of为了寻找
in charge of负责
in control of控制
in support of支持
in favour of赞成
in place of代替
①He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。
②The group lit candles in memory of Laura and her brother.
人群点起了蜡烛以纪念劳拉和她的弟弟。
10. be involved in 参与……
In 1980，I was involved in exploring the preserved body of a woman.
我在1980年参与了研究一个被保存完好的女尸的工作。
归纳拓展
involve doing sth.包含做……，需要做……
involve sb.in sth.使某人牵涉进/陷入某事
be involved with sb.和某人混在一起，和某人有密切联系
be/get involved in sth.卷入；与……有关；参与(应负法律责任)
be involved in doing sth.专心致志做某事
①As many as 100 vehicles were involved in the collision.这次撞车事故涉及车辆多达10部。
②I was so involved in my book I didn’t hear you knock.我全神贯注在看书，没听到你敲门。
③He was involved in working
④Taking the job involves living
⑤You are too emotionally involved with the situation.
你在这件事上投入的感情太多了。
11. prevent...from 妨碍，阻止
The desert was once a green land with enormous trees，but even that didn’t prevent the city from being buried by sand—what a pity!
现在的沙漠一度是一片绿色的土地，长着参天大树，然而，尽管如此也没能阻止这座城市被风沙覆盖的命运——真遗憾！
归纳拓展
prevent...from doing＝stop...from...＝
keep...from...阻止……做……
【温馨提示】
(1)在keep sb. from doing sth. 句式中，from 不可省略。因为keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”；而prevent sb. from doing sth. 与stop sb. from doing sth. 句式中的from 可省略。
(2)若用于被动语态，以上三个句式中的from 都不可省略。
We were prevented /stopped/kept from attending Professor Li’s lecture by the heavy rain.
大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲。
①Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。
②Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.守卫站在门边阻止任何人离开。
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