高考英语考前玩转高频语法系列13专题——句子
句子按使用的目的可分为四类:
1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句
从结构上看句子可分为三种类型:
1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句
一、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences)
1、陈述句:
(1) 肯定句:We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。
(2)否定句:They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。
说明:叙述或否定一个事实或看法。
2、疑问句:
(1)一般疑问句:
Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗?
Yes, I am. 是的,我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗?没看过。
说明:以一个助动词,情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。
(2)特殊疑问句:
Who is the man? 这人是谁?
When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视?
What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么?
说明:以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序(或称为疑问词加一般疑问句)
(3)选择疑问句:
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡?哪种都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语?他学法语。
说明:提出两个或两个以上的情况,选择一个作为答案。
(4)反意疑问句:
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场,是吗?
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业,是吗?
说明:提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句,即前面句子肯定,后为否定;前面句子否定,后为肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉?是吗?
He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语,是吗?
说明:当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时,附加问句用肯定形式。
(5)祈使句:
a.陈述句:
Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。
b.否定句:
Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心,我会帮助你的。
说明:表示命令,请求,叮嘱,号召等,谓语动词用原形。
(6)感叹句:
what + n.:
What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!
What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀!
how + adj.:
How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀!
how + adv. :
How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀!
How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀!
How + adj. + a (an) + n.
How nice a boy (he is)!=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊!
说明:表示说话时惊异,喜悦,气忿等情绪。what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或句子。
二、句子的类型(Types of Sentences)
1、简单 句的句子的类型:
一个主语+一个谓语,例:
The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。
两个主语+一个谓语,例:
Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。
一个主语+两个谓语,例:
He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。
两个主语或两个谓语或更多,例:
Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends.
史密斯夫妇去市场,买了些水果,并看望了朋友。
结构特殊:只含有一个词或一个词组,例:
Hello! 喂!
Help! Help! 救命啊!救命!
Many thanks. 万分感谢。
2、简单句的基本句型(The Basic Sentence Patterns)
句型结构:
(1)主语+不及物动词:S + Vi.,例:
Birds fly. 鸟飞
They disappeared. 他们消失了。
(2)主 + 连系动词 + 表语:S + V + P,例:
She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。
(3)主 + 及物动词 + 宾语:S + Vt + O,例:
He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
We help each other. 我们互相帮助。
(4)主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语:S + Vt + O + O,例:
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。
(5)主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语:S + Vt + O + C,例:
They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。
注:S = Subject(主语)Vi=Intransitive Verbs(不及物动词)Vt=Transitive Verb(及物动词)P=Predicative(表语)O=Object(宾语)C=Complement补语
重点、难点:
否定陈述句要注意下列几点:
(1)否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的,除not和no外,用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
(2)其他成分的否定形式
有些句子的结构上属于肯定式,但含有否定意义的词,可分以下几种。
否定的主语:
Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。
None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。
No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。
否定的宾语:
We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。
He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。
You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。
否定的状语:
They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。
We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。
(3)不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时,表示部分否定。
All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )
这里的树并非都是苹果树。(有的是苹果树,有的不是。)
Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)
这姐儿俩并不都是护士。
Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )
并不是人人都能做这件事。
强化练习
1、They___________ happy when they hear the news.
A.will B.will be C.were D.don’t
2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?”
—— “___________.”
A.No, but my aunt is B.Yes, but my aunt is
C.No, he doesn’t D.Yes, he does
3、We ___________satisfied with their work.
A.don’t B.are not C.won’t D.weren’t being
4、He___________ coffee at all. He ___________ tea.
A.doesn’t like, prefers B.likes, doesn’t prefer
C.would like, not prefers D.prefers, is not fond of
5、She ___________ me only twice since last year.
A.sees B.was seeing C.has seen D.have seen
6、My grandma___________ in the country. Now she ___________ in the city.
A.used to live, lives B.used to living, lived
C.uses to live, is living D.was used to live, lives
7、You___________ make such mistakes again.
A.should never B.should not always
C.would always not D.would not forever
8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ ___________.”
A.Yes, and Jim can’t too B.Yes, but Jim can’t
C.No, but Jim can, too D.No, but Jim can’t
9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, ___________.”
A.I cycle there B.I walk there
C.to the work D.I’ve already been there
10、In England tea ___________ with milk or sugar in it.
A.usually drinks B.is usually drunk
C.usually is drunk D.drank usually
11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, ___________.”
A.she doesn’t B.she goes by bike
C.to the shops D.she’s on the bike
12、Tom ___________ like reading at all. He___________ interested in playing basketball.
A.doesn’t, is B.doesn’t, were C.is, does D.was, is
13、When___________ home from work?
A.do your parents come B.does your parents come
C.have your parents D.our parents come
14、Which of the students___________ the examination?
A.not pass B.didn’t pass C.pass D.didn’t passed
15、They___________ trouble lifting the heavy box.
A.didn’t have many B.hadn’t a lot of
C.didn’t have much D.haven’t a great deal of
16、—— “Did you have breakfast this morning?
—— “___________.”
A.Yes, I had B.Yes, I did C.No, I hadn’t D.No, I didn’t have.
17、___________ colour is the cover of the dictionary?
A.What B.Which C.How D.Whose
18、 “___________ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.”
A.What time B.How long C.When D.How many times
19、There are many pictures on the wall. ___________do you like best?
A.What B.Which one
C.Which of the picture D.Which one picture
20、Since when___________ her?
A.did you know B.have you known
C.do you know D.you know
21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “___________.”
A.Yes, it is B.Yes, it belongs C.No it doesn’t D.No, it isn’t
22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “___________.”
A.I’d rather come back B.Yes, I’d rather not wait
C.No, I’d rather wait D.to come back
23、 “___________ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”
A.Which number B.What number
C.What size D.What
24、 “___________ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.”
A.What B.How C.What kind D.Which
25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ___________ ?
A.if have B.if any C.if ever D.if not
26、___________ is the distance between these two villages?
A.How far B.What C.How long D.How much
27、___________ do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.
A.How many time B.How much
C.How long D.How often
28、How ___________ it in English?
A.you say B.do you speak C.do you say D.to speak
29、___________is the population of the city?
A.How much B.How many C.How D.What
30、___________ did she get this information?
A.Whom B.Who C.Where D.What
31、___________does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.
A.How many B.What price C.What D.How expensive
32、About___________ do you want to know more?
A.Whom B.who C.which D.what
33、——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
——What do you suppose___________ to her.
A.was happening B.to happen
C.has happened D .having happened
34、——Have you heard the news about Jim?
——No. What ___________?
A.is it B.it is C.are they D.they are
35、——Would you rather go there by train or by air?
—— ___________ .
A.Yes, I would B.No, I wouldn’t
C.Yes, by air D.By air
36、___________ I go or___________ you go yourself?
A.Will…will B.Shall…shall C.Shall…will D.Will…shall
37、——Do you think the question easy or not?
——___________ .
A.Yes, I do B.No, I don’t C.It is easy D.Yes, it’s easy
38、Shall we stay at home or___________ to the park?
A.to go B.going C.go D.will go
39、___________ writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?
A.Whichever B.Whether C.What D.Which
40、——___________ was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?
——It was open to traffic in 1968.
A.What B.What time C.How long D.When
二、感叹句、祈使句
41、___________ from Beijing to London!
A.How long way it is B.What a long way it is
C.What a long way is it D.How long a way is it
42、Oh, John, ___________ you gave us!
A.How a pleasant sur prise B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
43、___________ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A.How a B.What a C.How D.What
44、___________ girl she is!
A.What bright a B.How a bright
C.How bright a D.What a bright
45、___________ we have today?
A.How fine day B.What fine day
C.How a fine day D.What a fine day
46、How ___________flowers are!
A.beautiful B.beautifully C.beautiful the D.beautiful that
47、How ___________!
A.does time fly B.times fly C.time flies D.flies time
48、What___________ work he does!
A.harder B.hard C.hardly D.hardest
49、___________ careful our monitor is!
A.How a B.How C.What a D.What
50、___________ advice he gave us!
A.What a B.How good C.What good D.How
51、___________ picture it is!
A.What wonderful B.How a wonderful
C.What wonderful a D.How wonderful a
52、___________ I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!
A.How do B.What do C.What D.How
53、___________ hardworking students they are!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
54、___________ long time it lasted!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
55、___________ down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room.
A.Turning B.To turn C.Turn D.Turned
56、Let’s ___________ football in the street.
A.not to play B.not play C.don’t play D.not playing
57、___________ careful when you cross the street.
A.Don’t be B.Do be C.Being D.Do
58、___________ the child___________ all day long!
A.Let, not to cry B.Not let, cry
C.Don’t let, to cry D.Don’t let, cry
59、___________ afraid of make mistakes!
A.Don’t be B.Not to be C.Not being D.Be not
60、___________ me again before coming.
A.Calling B.To call C.Do calling D.Call
三、反意疑问句
61、You’d like some coffee, ___________?
A.weren’t you B.wouldn’t you C.hadn’t you D.shouldn’t you
62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ___________?
A.will he B.won’t he C.do I D.am I
63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, ___________.
A.do they B.don’t they C.did they D.didn’t they
64、His father knows little about it, ___________he?
A.does B.doesn’t C.is he D.isn’t
65、We all like reading story books, ___________?
A.do we B.do you C.don’t we D.don’t you
66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre, ___________she?
A.doesn’t B.does C.is D.isn’t
67、Your father___________ promised to buy a computer for you, ___________he?
A.often, did B.never, didn’t C.already, did D.never, did
68、Be sure to write to us, ___________?
A.will you B.aren’t you C.would you D.can you
69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ___________ you?
A.do you B.will you C.would D.can
70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ___________?
A.will we B.shall we C.do we D.don’t we
71、Mary has few friend in Japan, ___________ she?
A.has B.don’t C.doesn’t D.hasn’t
72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ___________?
A.isn’t it B.isn’t there C.is it D.hasn’t it
73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ___________?
A.is it B.isn’t there C.isn’t it D.is there
74、He comes late sometimes, ___________?
A.isn’t he B.comes he C.doesn’t he D.is he
75、——You are not a new comer, are you?
——___________. I came here only yesterday.
A.No, I am B.Yes, I am C.No, I’m not D.Yes, I’m not.
76、She could hardly believe it, ___________?
A.couldn’t she B.could she C.didn’t she D.did she
77、You needn’t go, ___________?
A.can you B.must you C.need you D.may you
78、You must work hard from now on, ___________?
A.can you B.won’t you C.mustn’t you D.needn’t you
79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, ___________ you?
A.were B.have C.haven’t D.mustn’t
80、He must have left home yesterday, ___________ he?
A.hasn’t B.didn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t
81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ___________?
A.am I B.do you C.don’t you D.do I
82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, ___________ you?
A.had B.would C.hadn’t D.wouldn’t
83、You need to come earlier, ___________you?
A.don’t you B.needn’t C.don’t D.won’t
84、You dare not go alone, ___________ you?
A.don’t B.do C.dare D.daren’t
85、He shouldn’t drink so much, ___________ he?
A.should B.ought C .would D.will
86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ___________ ?
A.can we B.can’t we C.can’t it D.can it
87、I’m late for the meeting, ___________?
A.amn’t I B.aren’t I C.don’t I D.aren’t you
88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ___________?
A.does he B.doesn’t he C.do they D.don’t they
89、None of the workers attended the party, ___________?
A.did they B.did he C.didn’t he D.didn’t they
90、Everything is right here, ___________?
A.isn’t it B.aren’t they C.are they D.is it
91、A lovely day, ___________?
A.is it B.does it C.isn’t it D.doesn’t it
92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ___________?
A.isn’t it B.is he C.has he D.is it
93、My sister often needs help with her study, ___________?
A.need she B.needn’t she C.doesn’t she D.does she
94、Y ou should have watered the flower earlier, ___________?
A.shouldn’t you B.didn’t you C.don’t you D.haven’t you
95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ___________?
A.is it B.isn’t it C.does it D.doesn’t it
96、What a pretty girl, ___________?
A.isn’t it B.is it C.is she D.isn’t she
97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ___________?
A.can she B.is she C.can’t he D.isn’t he
98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ___________?
A.do I B.Shall I C.may I D.can I
99、Let us do it for you, ___________?
A.will you B.won’t you C.shall we D.shan’t we
100、They have to face the difficulty, ___________they?
A.do B.don’t C.haven’t D.won’t
【答案】:
1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A
7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A
13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D
19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A
25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C
31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C
37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C
43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B
49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B
55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D
61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B
67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B
73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C
79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C
85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A
91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D
97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B
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