双语字幕
The anatomy and physiology, different types of stroke, and treatment
中风解剖学和生理学，分类及治疗方案
A stroke occurs when the blood flow in part of your brain is blocked. After just a few minutes, the starved brain cells begin to die. Normally, the brain receives blood via two major pairs of arteries, which branch throughout brain tissue, and supply your brain cells with a constant flow of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients necessary for their functions.
大脑内部分血流受阻即发生中风。几分钟后，饥饿的脑细胞开始死亡。正常情况下，大脑由四根主要的动脉供血，它们的分支遍布整个脑组织，持续为大脑提供维持正常功能所需的氧气，葡萄糖和营养物质。
In one type of stroke, ischemic stroke, an artery in your brain narrows, or becomes completely blocked, preventing normal blood flow. The blockage may be caused by a blood clot, also called a thrombus, which forms in an unhealthy artery of the brain. The lack of blood flow causes the tissue the artery supplies to become starved, or ischemic. Similarly, the blockage may be due to an embolus, a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain. The embolus lodges in a narrow artery and obstructs blood flow.
缺血性中风是中风的一种类型，指大脑内某根动脉狭窄，或完全阻塞，阻止正常血液流动。阻塞可能由血凝块引起，血凝块也称血栓，形成于大脑的受损动脉。血流受阻导致受动脉供血的组织饥饿或缺血。类似地，阻塞也可能由栓子引起，栓子形成于身体其他部位，随血流到达大脑。栓子停留在狭窄的动脉中，并阻塞血流。
In contrast, during a hemorrhagic stroke, abnormal bleeding disrupts normal blood flow. For example, in an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, a blood vessel bursts, spilling blood directly onto your brain, while robbing the intended tissue of nourishment. Both the hemorrhage and ischemia destroy brain tissue. A subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a weak spot in a blood vessel wall, called an aneurysm, bursts and leaks blood into the tight space between your brain and your skull. The high-pressure bleeding results in serious damage to brain tissue.
与缺血性中风相对应的是出血性中风，指大脑动脉血管异常出血扰乱正常血流。例如，脑内出血性中风指脑内动脉血管破裂，血液直接渗入大脑，污染脑组织。出血和缺血都会破坏脑组织。蛛网膜下腔出血性中风指血管壁薄弱点，即动脉瘤破裂，血液渗入大脑和颅骨之间的狭窄间隙。颅内高压导致严重脑组织损伤。
Immediate treatment for your stroke may help to minimize brain cell injury and death. If you have an ischemic stroke, you may be given medication to break up the clot causing your stroke. Later, your doctor may recommend surgery, such as carotid endarterectomy, to reduce your risk of having another ischemic stroke.
紧急治疗可能有助于将脑组织损伤和死亡程度降至最低。缺血性中风患者需要服药来粉碎引起中风的血块。然后，医生可能推荐手术治疗，如颈动脉内膜切除术，以减少再次发生缺血性中风的风险。
In the case of hemorrhagic stroke, emergency surgery may be necessary to repair damaged arteries, or reduce the pressure of the blood on your brain. You may be given medication to help the brain’s blood flow return to normal.
出血性中风患者可接受紧急手术修复受损动脉，或降低大脑血液压力。患者可能需要服药才能恢复大脑正常血流。
相关单词学习
Endarterectomy
①发音和释义
end·ar·ter·ec·to·my/ˌendɑtə'rektəmi/ n. 动脉内膜切除术
surgical removal of part of the inner lining of an artery, together with any obstructive deposits, most often carried out on the carotid artery or on vessels supplying the legs.
单词 endarterectomy 由下列成分构成
endarter(ium)/endɑ'tɪərɪrm/ n. 动脉内膜，动脉内层
+
-ectomy（名词后缀）切除术
Thrombus
throm·bus/'θrɒmbəs/n. 血栓
a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow.
单词 thrombus 复数形式 thrombi
Embolus
em·bo·lus/ˈɛmbələs/ n. 栓子，栓塞物;内陷;内褶
a blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel and cause an embolism.
单词 embolus 复数形式emboli
注意：Thrombus与Embolus的区别（血栓没有脱离原来的位置，仍然固定在其生成的位置，而栓子已经离开原来的位置阻塞血管。）
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