现在完成时(Present Perfect)和现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Continuous)之间的差异会给许多英语学习者带来困惑。
它们的构造如下:
广义的规则是,尽管这两个时态都与过去被指代的事实有关,但现在完成时指的是已经完成的事情,但现在进行时指的却是在现在继续的事情,它们的区别体现在以下几点。- He's read the book about her.
- He's been reading the book about her.
- Your wife has phoned you。
- Your wife has been phoning you.
- I've gone to the local swimming pool.
- I've been going the local swimming pool .
状态动词是表示一种精神状态的动词,如 thinking,knowing,wanting 或 seeing 等。虽然有一些我们可以用在现在完成时态中,但通常大多数都不能用在进行时态中,所以它们只与现在完成时态一起使用。- She's been knowing him for 3 days.
- He's been seeing the car go past every day.
- She's known him for 3 days.
- He's seen the car go past every day.
当我们提到关于某人生活的传记式事实时,通常带有 for 和 since,或其他时间框架,此时现在完成时和现在完成进行时都适用,例如:- He's eaten red meat his whole life.
- He's been eating red meat his whole life.
- He's worked for the company since he was a teenager.
- He's been working for the company since he was a teenager.
- I've lived here for three years.
- I've been living here for three years.
- They've studied English since high school.
- They've been studying English since high school.
以上这些情形都是属于长期的一个动作行为,两个时态都适用,然而,我们倾向于使用现在完成进行时来强调一个事实,即一个事件或活动已经发生了一段相对短期的时间,又如:- I've played tennis most of my life.
- I've been playing tennis most of my life.
以上所描述的 play 是属于长期的动作,那么两个时态都适用:然而,如果我们想表明我们实际上一直在比赛(我们可能刚刚停止或仍在比赛),那么我们使用现在完成进行时,也就是短期的时间,例如:- I've been playing tennis for two hours.
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