一、动词后直接加not。
原句中含有be动词 (am, is, are, was, were) 。
I am a teacher. ---->I am not a teacher.
我是一个老师。---->我不是老师。
原句中含有情态动词 (can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better 等) 。
Li Lei can swim.---->Li Lei cannot/can't swim.
李雷会游泳。---->李雷不会游泳。
He will go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow.---->He will not/won't go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨,他将去动物园。---->如果明天下雨,他就不去动物园了。
原句中含有助动词(have, has, had)。
We have learned 3,000 words. ---->We have not/haven't learned 3,000 words.
我们已经学会了3000个单词。---->我们还没有学会3000个单词。
We have heard from him since he left. ---->We have not heard from him since he left.
他走后我们收到他的来信。---->他走后杳无音讯。
二、原句中没有be动词,助动词或情态动词时,要在行为动词前加助动词 (do, does, did) 与否定副词 not 的缩写形式。
句中第一个动词是原形时,在其前加上don’t。
I get up at six o'clock every day.---->I don't get up at six o'clock every day.
我每天六点起床。---->我没有每天六点起床。
I go to dance classes here in New York. ---->I don't go to dance classes here in New York.
我在纽约上舞蹈课。---->我不在纽约上舞蹈课。
句中第一个动词是三单形式时,在其前加上doesn’t,原来的动词三单形式改为动词原形 。
Mr Wang works in a factory.---->Mr Wang doesn't work in a factory.
王先生在一家工厂工作。---->王先生不在工厂工作。
He goes out drinking night after night. ---->He doesn't go out drinking night after night.
他一夜又一夜地外出喝酒。---->他每晚都不出去喝酒。
句中第一个动词是过去式时,在其前加上didn’t,原来的动词过去形式改为动词原形 。
Xia Lin visited our friends last night.---->Xia Lin didn't visit our friends last night.
夏琳昨晚拜访了我们的朋友。---->夏琳昨晚拜访了我们的朋友。
She cried when she spoke of Oliver. ---->She didn't cry when she spoke of Oliver.
她提起奥利弗的时候哭了。---->她提起奥利弗的时候没哭。
三、肯定句变否定句的特殊情况
肯定句变否定句时,除将谓语变为否定式外,句中其他词语也可能随之改变, 如将some改为any, too和also改为either,already改yet,and改为or等。
There are some birds in the tree.---->There aren’t any birds in the tree.树上有些鸟。---->树上没有鸟。
He likes the girl, too.---->He doesn’t like the girl, either.
他也喜欢这个女孩。---->他也不喜欢这个女孩。
We have already seen the film.---->We have not seen the film yet.
我们已看过这部电影。---->我们没有看这部电影。
He likes singing and dancing. ---->He doesn’t like singing or dancing.
他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。---->他不喜欢唱歌和跳舞。
在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess时,如果要否定后面的宾语从句,习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。
I think he is 13 years old.---->I don't think he is 13 years old.
我认为他13岁了。---->我认为他没有13岁。
I believe she will come here soon.---->I don’t believe she will come here soon.
我相信她很快就会来这里。---->我相信她不会很快就会来这里。
在其他复合句中一般将主句变为否定式。
I was cooking when Mum got home.---->I was not cooking when Mum got home.
妈妈回家时我正在做饭。---->妈妈回家时我不在做饭。
He was sleeping when I came back. ---->He was not sleeping when I came back.
当我回来时,他正在睡觉。---->当我回来时,他没在睡觉。
肯定句中含有both, both … and 时,变否定句时both →neither;both … and→neither … nor;all→none。
Both of us are students. ---->Neither of us is a student.
我们都是学生。---->我们俩都不是学生。
I know both English and Chinese.---->I know neither English nor Chinese.
我既懂英文又懂中文。---->我既不懂英文也不懂中文。
All of them like bananas.---->None of them like(s) bananas.
他们都喜欢香蕉。---->他们都不喜欢香蕉。
肯定句中含有every-, some- 的合成词,变否定句时常改为含有no- 的合成词。
Everything is ready.---->Nothing is ready.
一切就绪。---->什么都没有准备好。
There is something wrong with my bike.---->There is nothing wrong with my bike.
我的自行车出毛病了。---->我的自行车没有毛病。
肯定句中含有 “形容词+ enough to do sth.”, 变否定句时改为“ too +形容词的反义词+ to do sth.”。
She is old enough to go to school.---->She is too young to go to school.
她到了可以上学的年龄了。---->她太小了,不能上学。
He is tall enough to reach the lamp.---->He is too short to reach the lamp.
他个子高,能够到灯了。---->他太矮了,够不到灯。
肯定句中含有always和ever, 变否定句时改为never 。
He is always late for school.---->He is never late for school.
他上学总是迟到。---->他上学从不迟到。
My uncle's ever been to many parts of England.---->My uncle has never been to many parts of England.
我叔叔去过英国很多地方。---->我叔叔从未去过英国的许多地方。
祈使句的肯定式变否定式,一般情况下,在句首的动词前加 Don't 。
Close the door.----> Don't close the door.
关上门。---->不要关门。
Leave the envelope open.---->Don't leave the envelope open.
别封上信封。---->不要让信封开着。
Let开头的祈使句,在变否定句时常在其后加not有时也可在其前加Don't 。
Let her come in.---->Let her not come in. = Don't let her come in.
让她进来。---->不要让她进来。
动词不定式变否定式时,常在不定式符号to前加not 。
The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.---->The teacher asked me not to speak more loudly.
老师让我说得更大声些。---->老师叫我不要大声说话。
You tell me to tell people. ---->You tell me not to tell people.
叫我告诉别人。---->叫我不要告诉别人。
部分否定与完全否定,可能涉及部分否定的词语有both, all, always, every等, 即not both 表示“并非两者都” ,not all 表示“并非所有的都” ,not always表示“并非总是” ,not every 表示“并非每个…都” 。
All of us laughed when we heard it.---->All of us didn’t laugh when we heard it.
听到这事时我们都笑了。---->听到这事时我们并未都笑。
All of us laughed when we heard it.---->Not all of us laughed when we heard it.
听到这事时我们都笑了。---->听到这事时我们并未都笑。
All of us laughed when we heard it.---->None of us laughed when we heard it.
听到这事时我们都笑了。---->听到这事时我们都没笑。
需要分清do, does, did, have, has, have, had等是实义动词还是助动词。如果是助动词,则在它们后面直接加not, 如果是实义动词,则在它们前面根据实际情况加don’t, doesn’t 或didn’t 。
误:He usually does his homework in the evening.---->He usually doesn’t his homework in the evening.
正:He usually does his homework in the evening.---->He doesn’t usually do his homework in the evening.
他通常晚上做作业。---->他通常晚上不做作业。
误:Tina has gone home.---->Tina doesn’t have gone home.
正:Tina has gone home.---->Tina hasn’t gone home.
蒂娜回家了。---->蒂娜没有回家。
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