1、定语:是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词,此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语,定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。例如:A、形容词作定语,所有的形容词,只要后面加名词,都是定语She was a very beautiful woman.
The development of the food industry depends on that of agriculture. My life is ruined and I suppose I only have myself to blame. Three characters are missing in this line. The woodpecker pecked a hole in the tree. F、动词不定式作定语,被修饰的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语或逻辑宾语He is the doctor to do the operation. We have a lot of work to do.The rising sun flames the eastern sky. There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 限制性定语从句,若去掉从句,句子就失去意义,例如:People who take physical exercise live longer.解析:若去掉从句 who take physical exercise,句子就失去意义。非限制性定语从句,若去掉从句,句子意义仍然完整,例如:His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 解析:若去掉从句 who is in Boston now,句子意义仍然完整。2、同位语:是紧挨着另一个名词旁边,起重命名或强调作用的另一个名词,名词短语或名词性从句。同位语格式要一致,且常常紧挨在一起,之间常用逗号或是括号隔开,例如:Your friend Bill is in trouble.We parents make sacrifices for our children. His father, Mr White, is sleeping now.The beast, a large lion with a mane like a bonfire, was showing interest in our party.那野兽是一只长着篝火般鬃毛的大狮子,对我们的聚会很感兴趣。They each put £ 20 on Matthew scoring the first goal. D、同位语从句作同位语,常跟在某些名词(如 news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等 )的后面We seem to have lost sight of the fact that marketing is only a means to an end. 我们似乎忽略了这样一个事实:营销只是达到目的的手段。I have made an absolute promise that I will help you. 跟定语从句一样,同位语同样可以分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性同位语:如果同位语是必要的信息,那么不能用逗号与前面的成分隔开,例如:
The popular US president John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.受欢迎的美国总统约翰肯尼迪以其雄辩和鼓舞人心的演讲而闻名。解析:若去掉同位语 John Kennedy,就不知道受欢迎的美国总统是谁了。非限制性同位语:去掉同位语,句子的意思仍然完整,例如:
John Kennedy, the popular US president, was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.受欢迎的美国总统约翰肯尼迪以其雄辩和鼓舞人心的演讲而闻名。解析:若去掉同位语 the popular US president,变成约翰肯尼迪以其雄辩和鼓舞人心的演讲而闻名,我们仍然知道句子的主语是谁。John Kennedy the popular US president was almost an entirely different person than John Kennedy the young naval reservist.受欢迎的美国总统约翰肯尼迪与年轻的海军预备役军人约翰肯尼迪几乎完全不同。解析:若把同位语 the popular US president 和 the young naval reservist去掉,那么句子就变成了:John Kennedy was almost an entirely different person than John Kennedy,显然这是不合理的。
1、作定语的可以是形容词,名词,代词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词和定语从句,例如:
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