经常写作的人,很容易把 censor,sensor 和 censure 弄混,它们发音高度相似,但是意思截然不同。
一、censor
1、作名词,意为“(书籍、电影等的)审查员,审查官”,例如:
The report was cleared by the American military censors.
那篇报道得到美国军方审查官的批准。
2、作动词,意为“删减”,通常是书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容,例如:
The book was heavily censored when first published.
这本书第一次出版时受到严格删减。
二、sensor 作名词,意为“传感器,敏感元件,探测设备”,例如:
The security device has a heat sensor which detects the presence of people and animals.
安全装置有一个热传感器,可以探测人和动物的存在。
An infrared sensor designed to detect movement triggered the roadside bomb.
一个设计用来探测移动的红外线传感器触发了路边炸弹。
解析:designed to detect movement 过去分词短语作定语,置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中,相当于定语从句:
An infrared sensor that is designed to detect movement.
三、censure
1、作名词,意为“严厉的批评;斥责;谴责”,例如:
His dishonest behavior came under severe censure.
他的不诚实行为受到严厉的谴责。
The former brokers, who are charged with selling unsuitable investments, face censure and fines of $10,000 each.
这些被指控出售不合理投资的前经纪人将面临指责和每人1万美元的罚款。
解析:who 引导的非限制性定语从句。
2、作动词,意为“(公开地)严厉斥责,谴责”,例如:
Government leaders were censured for their lack of decisiveness during the crisis.
政府领导人因在危机期间缺乏决断力而受到指责。
The likelihood is that he will be severely censured and possibly also fined.
他很可能将受到严厉的谴责,并可能被罚款。
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