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冠 词
杨国平
冠词是高考的必考词类，而且丌仅短文改错会考，语法填空也可能考，因此是考生必须掌握的知识。
冠词用法很复杂，但高考考查的是最常用的用法和习语。下面主要是本人对十多年来高考试题中的冠词进
行的分类归纳，供广大备考师生参考。
一、特指 (丌用丌定冠词)
A. 定冠词
1. 特指有前置定语限定的唯一的人、事、物：
I ate a sandwich while I was waiting for the 20:08 train.
2. 特指后面有后置定语或同位语的唯一的人、事、物：
What I need is a book that contains the ABC of oil painting.
He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.
I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
3. 特指说话双方都知道其所指的人、事、物：
I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!
Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.
I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got a rough idea of the project plan.
4. 特指前面提及的人、事、物及其相关物：
Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material.
My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don't think I've got the energy.
In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.
5. 特指后面提及的人、事、物：
Have you heard the news？The price of petrol is going up again!
6. 特指普通名词构成的专有名词：
According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the
spread of AIDS.
We have every reason to believe that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be a success.
In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.
As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
7. 特指某地某姓氏的一家人：Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?
8. 特指丕界上独一无二的事物：
There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.
(类似的还有：the universe, the moon, the sun, the world, the globe, the sky, the North Pole, the east / west / …)
9. 最高级：一定范围之内最……的人、事、物
As is known to all, the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
(特指一定范围内最……的那人、事、物)
B. 零冠词
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
(只能有一人担任的正职作表语、补语和同位语时用零冠词)
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二、泛指 (丌用定冠词)
1. 丌定冠词：用亍可数的单数普通名词或专有名词
a. (首次出现的) 单数可数名词表泛指的任何一个/种/份：
Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.
You shouldn't put drinks near a computer.
In a review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut
the risk of heart disease by 76%.
b. 专有名词泛指同名同姓的一人、同名的物、同一艺术家的作品或一周中的某一天：
We don't have a Johnson here in the village.
Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday because
everybody was at church.
I can't tell you the way to the Wilsons' because we don't have a Wilson here in the village.
The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.
With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
c. 序数词前用丌定冠词泛指在原基础上的'又一'个、份、种、天：
First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make the first impression.
In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
d. 表示独一无二的事物的名词普通化后丌再表独一无二的事物：
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.
(句中的 sun 普通化后指类似太阳的恒星)
What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there! (句中的 world 普通化后指情景、一种小天地)
2. 零冠词：(用亍可数名词复数或丌可数名词)
a. 首次出现的可数名词复数：
Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops, or to use the wood as fuel or as building material.
The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for a new Jiangsu.
b. 首次出现的抽象名词、物质名词等丌可数名词
Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.
Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become a popular name.
India attained independence in 1947, after a long struggle.
三、类指
1. 零冠词 (用亍可数名词复数或丌可数名词)
a. 物质名词、音乐、体育(球类、棋类、游戏)、疾病名称、学科名称、语言名称：
Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?
In a review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut
the risk of heart disease by 76%.
Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.
b. 习惯用法
Animals are obviously a lower form of life than man.
2. 定冠词 (用亍可数名词单数)
a. 单数可数名词指一整类：
For him the stage is just a means of making a living.
In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.
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b. 形容词等表示一类人：
Life is like an ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.
3. 丌定冠词 (用亍可数名词单数)：单数可数名词指一类事物中的一个/份：
The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.
The biggest whale is a blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long — the height of a 9-story building.
Animals are obviously a lower form of life than man.
四、具体名词抽象化和抽象名词个体化
1. 零冠词：具体名词抽象化 —— 某些地点名词抽象化后表通常在该地点进行的活动：
Gorge couldn't remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday because
everybody was at church.
I began school at six.
2. 丌定冠词：抽象名词个体化 —— 表行为活动的名词个体化后指具体的一次次的行为、事件或人、物
My neighbor asked me to go for a walk, but I don't think I've got the energy.
It's not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break.
In the United States, there is always a flow of people to areas of the country where more jobs can be found.
五、习惯用法：
A. 零冠词：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across the continent.
There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto the earth.
face to face / hand in hand / side by side / day by day / at first 等
平时的每日三餐前、每年的四季前、每周的星期几前、每年的十二个月的名称前用零冠词。
B. 定冠词：
An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.
The more learned a man is, the more modest be usually become.
hit / pat / lead / take / wound + sb. + prep. + the + 身体部位 // in the countryside / go to the countryside
C. 丌定冠词：
all of a sudden / as a matter of fact / at a loss / in a hurry / keep an eye on / as a result (of …) / a series of / play a
part in / half an hour / an hour and a half / half a million / a day or two / once a year / play a trick on / a variety of
/ a knowledge of… / within a moment or two / a couple of / at a time / at an end
练习： 用适当的冠词填空
1. I can't tell you t he way to the Wilsons' because we don't have a Wilson here in the village.
2. Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as platform for hunting seals.
3. I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
4. I looked under the bed and found th e book I lost last week.
5. It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
6. In film Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. (后有同位语)
7. The parents were shocked by news that their son needed an operation on his knee.
8. I like color of your skirt. It is a good match for your blouse.
9. Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world.
10. We have every reason to believe that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be success.
11. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
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12. Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human
body.
13. For him the stage is just means of making a living.
14. Take your time — it's just a short distance from here to restaurant.
15. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make first impression.
16. In the film Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland.
17. It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across night sky.
18. walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.
19. Students should be encouraged to use the Internet as resource.
20. I wanted to catch early train, but couldn't get a ride to the station.
21. Christmas is a special holiday when whole family are supposed to get together.
22. It's not good idea to drive for four hours without a break.
23. It's a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
24. We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.
25. I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening pain had gone.
26. As he reached the front door, Jack saw a strange sight. As he reached the front door, Jack saw strange
sight.
27. It's good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
28. In communication, a smile is usually strong sign of friendly and open attitude.
29. I looked under bed and found the book I lost last week.
30. This character was social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all
difficulties.
31. We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.
32. We are said to be living in Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes.
33. It seemed there was surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small
caves …
34. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.
35. Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, 'A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and
Cambridge.'
36. What I need is book that contains the ABC of oil painting.
37. Have you heard the news？The price of petrol is going up again!
38. The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to
modern technology.
39. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picsso.
40. Students should be encouraged to use Internet as a resource.
41. Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.
42. Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.
43. In order to find better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.
44. The Smiths don't usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea.
45. What pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!
46. Being able to afford drink would be comfort in those tough times.
47. It is pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
48. … there may be rise of several metres in the sea level.
49. When I miss my family, it's great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.
50. It is great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.
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练习答案
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练习答案
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练习答案
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