Jay: You’re late, Vicki.
Vicki: I’m sorry, Jay. I missed the bus because I had overslept.
Jay: You’ve always been punctual(准时的). What happened?
Vicki: I was so tired yesterday. It took me a lot of time to deal with my personal affairs.
Jay: What did you do?
Vicki: I sold my house which I had owned for 20 years.
Jay: Did you handle this all by yourself?
Vicki: Yes. I had planned to ask Jennifer for help, but she didn’t answer the phone. And then I realized she had gone to the gym.
Jay: So, what time did you go to bed last night?
Vicki: About one o’clock.
Jay: How come?
Vicki: Well, when I was getting ready for sleep, I realized I hadn’t finished my report yet!
Molly: 虽然我昨天的作业也很多,但是I have finished my homework by nine o’clock last night.
老师:Molly,你的表达有错误哦,这个句子不能使用have finished,得用had finished。
Molly:我只学习过现在完成时have done的用法,had done是什么用法呢老师?
老师:其实Vicki和Jay的对话里就出现了很多这类结构的句子,比如:
I missed the bus because I had overslept. 我因为睡过头而错过了公共汽车。
I had planned to ask Jennifer for help. 我本打算找珍妮弗帮忙,但她没接电话。
等。
我们把“had + 过去分词”的结构称为过去完成时。它表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成,即“过去的过去”。今天我们先一起来学习一下它在简单句中的使用吧!
(简单句中的过去完成时)
一般来说,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。在简单句中,与过去完成时连用的时间状语主要有两种:
(1) by/before + 过去的时间点,表示“在……之前”(by还有“截止……为止”之意)
如:
They had planted six hundred trees by/before last Wednesday.
上周三之前他们已经种了六百棵树。
再比如Molly你刚刚表达错误的句子:
I have finished my homework by nine o’clock last night.
这个句子的时间状语是“昨天晚上九点”(nine o’clock last night),想表达“在九点以前就完成了作业”时(突出by),时态应以这个过去时间为基点再往前推,即“过去的过去”,也就是过去完成时啦!
Molly:哦~我明白了,所以我们得用“had finished”。
老师:Bingo!现在完成时和过去完成时千万不要混淆哦~(现在完成时和过去完成时的区别)
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响;而过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才会使用。注意对比下面两个句子的不同:
I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会1000个英文单词了。
I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英文单词了。
Molly:好的,老师。
老师:第二种常和过去完成时连用的时间状语是:
(2)by the end of + 过去的时间点,表示“到……结束时”
如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期结束时,我们已经学了两千多个英语单词了。
Molly:I got it.
老师:It is better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如做得好。同学们,行动起来吧~
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