一、名词性从句概述
二、名词性从句要点
1. 主语从句
1)that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。如:
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2)主语从句可放在句首,也可放在句尾(用it作形式主语),但后一种结构用得多一些。如:
Whoever thought of that idea is a genius.
It’s strange that she never mentioned the wedding.
2. 宾语从句
1)当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.
2)当主句的主语是第一人称,且谓语为think, believe, suppose, expect等动词时,如果宾语从句表示否定意思,通常否定前移,即否定主句的谓语。如:
I don’t think there’s a computer store in the town.
I don’t believe that she’s ever been to Hong Kong.
3)宾语从句亦可用作介词或形容词的宾语。如:
She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.
I’m not sure when I saw her last.
4)引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中可省略,但在下列情况中,that需保留:
a. 主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时that不能省略,否则会产生歧义。如:
She said last night that she did some reading.
b. 主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。如:
I don’t doubt, providing they play well enough, that our school team will win the match.
c. 引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。如:
He said he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand.
3. 表语从句
1)当主语是reason且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用that引导;而当it,this或that作主语,后面的表语从句表示原因时,常用because或why引导。如:
My reason is that the cost will be too high.
I had to catch the first train. That / This / It was why I left so early.
2)表语从句还可由as if / as though等引导。as if / as though引导表语从句时,主句中的动词可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。如:
She looks as if / as though she had seen a ghost.
This meat tastes as if / as though it has already gone bad.
4. 同位语从句
1)同位语从句通常由that引导,但whether, who, where等有时也可引导同位语从句。如:
Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him.
I have no idea whether I should buy a car or not.
The question who goes abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
2)可接同位语从句的通常是一些表示抽象意义的名词,常见的有fact, idea, belief, message, news, conclusion, decision, doubt, hope, chance, thought等。如:
You must live with the fact that you are no longer as strong as you were.
3)同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所解释说明的名词后面,而是被其它成分隔开。如:
Word came from Jim that a power station would be built here soon.
三、引导名词性从句的连接词辨析
1. what与that
1)what引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用,而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:
No one knows what will happen next.
What you need is a good long vacation.
Your mother’s health is not what it ought to be.
Please ask her what experience she has had.
2)that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。
2. whether与if
1)whether引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾,而if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。如:
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
It doesn’t make any difference whether / if it snows or not.
2)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if则不能。如:
The question is whether it is worth doing.
The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
3)whether可引导介词后的宾语从句,if则不能。如:
Jane hesitated as to whether she should take our advice.
4)whether后可直接跟or not,if则不能。如:
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?
3. whoever与whomever
在正式语体中,whomever 是whoever 的宾格形式;在非正式语体中,人们用whoever来代替whomever。如:
Whoever says that is a liar.
The managers may employ whoever / whomever they choose.
4. whatever与whichever
与whatever 相比,whichever常有明确的选择范围。如:
I am willing to pay whatever price you ask.
Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.
高考链接
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
2. This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
4. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
5. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
6. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
7. The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
责编 | 杨宁
审稿 | 李栋
校稿 | 吕放
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