1. excessively [ɪk'sesɪvlɪ] adv.过度地; 过分地; 极度地
同义替换：much more than is reasonable or necessary
e.g. excessive drinking/exercise 过度饮酒/锻炼
2. confront [kənˈfrʌnt] vt.〔问题、困难等〕使遇到，使面对；对质，当面对证
e.g. be confronted with sth
3. cooperation [kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn] n.合作
同义替换：work with someone else
cooperate v.合作，协作
4. consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] n.消费
consume v.消耗；消费
time-consuming adj.耗费时间的
5. tremendous [trəˈmendəs] adj.极大的，巨大的
词语辨析：
big 大的
large 〔物体或数量〕大的〔比big略为正式〕
great 〔尤指程度或数目〕巨大的 ：very big
giant/huge/enormous 巨大的：extremely big
tremendous 〔影响〕巨大的：having an extremely big effect
6. transition [trænˈzɪʃn] n.过渡，转变
同义替换：change to a new state or start using something new
e.g. the transition from childhood to adult life 从童年到成年的过渡阶段
7. involve [ɪnˈvɒlv] vt.包含；涉及
同义替换：include or affect
involvement n.参与；卷入
8. essential [ɪˈsenʃl] adj.基本的; 必要的
同义替换：fundamental; extremely important and necessary
e.g. Is money essential to happiness? 金钱对於幸福是必不可少的吗?
9. profitable [ˈprɒfɪtəbl] adj.有利可图的，有益的
profit n.利润
e.g. a profitable evening 有收获的夜晚
10. attribute [əˈtrɪbju:t] vt.认为…是; 把…归因于
e.g. She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck. 她认为她的成功是由於勤奋加上一点儿运气而得来的.
11. penalty [ˈpenəlti] n.惩罚
同义替换：a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement
e.g. the death penalty 死刑
12. giant [ˈdʒaɪənt] adj.特大的，巨大的 n.巨头；伟人
同义替换：extremely big
e.g. the multinational oil giants 跨国大石油公司
13. chimney [ˈtʃɪmni] n.烟囱
e.g. factory chimneys 工厂的烟囱.
14. souvenir [ˌsu:vəˈnɪə(r)] n.纪念品
e.g. a souvenir shop 纪念品商店.
15. temporary [ˈtemprəri] adj.临时的，暂时的
反义词： permanent
e.g. temporary pain relief 疼痛的暂时缓解
16. bankruptcy [ˈbæŋkrʌptsi] n.破产
e.g. moral bankruptcy 道德沦丧
17. prolong[prəˈlɒŋ] vt.延长
e.g. drugs that help to prolong life 延年益寿的药物
18. exhaust [ɪgˈzɔ:st] vt.使精疲力尽
同义替换：make someone feel extremely tired
exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的
同义替换：worn out
19. breakthrough [ˈbreɪkθru:] n.突破
同义替换：an important new discovery
e.g. a major breakthrough 重大突破
20. conference [ˈkɒnfərəns]n.会议; 讨论
同义替换：a large formal meeting
e.g. Many international conferences are held in Geneva. 许多国际会议在日内瓦举行.
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