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第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)
 

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呼啸山庄》(Bookworm版)

第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)


导读



1. 老欧肖去世后,Catherine和Heathcliff的境遇有何不同?

 

2. Catherine和Heathcliff透过Linton家起居室的窗户看到了什么?


主要角色

Ellen Dean

the housekeeper of Thrushcross Grange

 

Hindley Earnshaw

the son of the Earnshaws

 

Frances

the wife of Hindley

 

Catherine Earnshaw

the daughter of the Earnshaws

 

Heathcliff

the gypsy boy

 

Isabella Linton

the daughter of the Lintons

 

Edgar Linton 

the son of the Lintons

 

The Lintons

the neighbours of the Earnshaws


知识点集锦


 

词与短语

1. burial:n. 埋葬

 

“Hindley came home for his father's burial.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:“burial”指埋葬,一般引申为“葬礼”,另外“funeral”也可表示“葬礼”。

 

例如:

Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.(葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。)

 

2. thin:adj. 人瘦削的

    pale:adj.(脸色)苍白的

    a frequent cough:咳嗽个不停

 

“She was called Frances, a thin, pale woman with a frequent cough.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:女孩子大多都比较喜欢自己瘦瘦的,但最好瘦到“slender”的地步就可以了。

“thin”和“slender”这两个单词的区别在于,前者的瘦可能不是健康那种瘦,常指因疾病或疲劳而消瘦;后者表示一个人“身体细长、苗条适中”。

 

再来看“pale”这个词,短语“(as) pale as ashes”意为“面无人色,脸色苍白”。

 

“pale”做形容词时还可以表示“暗淡的;浅色的”。

 

例如:pale light:微光

 

“pale”还可以做名词,表示“(做栅栏用的)尖板条;桩”。



3. now that:由于;既然

    order someone to do something:责令某人做某事

    as:conj. 因为

    back-kitchen:厨房后面

 

“Now that Hindley was the master of the house, he ordered Joseph and me to spend our evenings in the small back-kitchen, as we were only servants, while he, his wife and Catherine sat in the main room.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

4. as long as:只要

    keep out of one's way:不妨碍某人

    even if:即使,虽然

 

“Hindley did not care what they did, as long as they kept out of his way, and they did not care even if he punished them.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

5. stay out:呆在户外,不回家

 

“They often ran away on to the moors in the morning and stayed out all day, just to make Hindley angry.”

 

“But I did not want them to stay out in the cold all night.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

拓展:反义词组“stay in”表示“呆在家里;不外出”。

 

例如:

Are you staying in today? I want to see you.(今天你不出门吧?我想去你家里看望你。)

 

“stay in”也可以用来表示“(放学后)被罚留校”。

 

例如:

You'll have to stay in after school if you still fail to pass the examination.(如果这次考试你还是不及格,放学后你就留下来吧。)

 

另外可以顺便记下词组“stay up”的意思是“熬夜”。

 

6. happen to:发生

 

“I was the only one who cared what happened to the two poor creatures, and I was afraid for them.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:这里的“for”表示“为,替”。

Hindley对Catherine和Heathcliff不闻不问,Ellen是“替这两个可怜的小东西担惊受怕”。


7. look out for:留心

 

“But I did not want them to stay out in the cold all night, so I kept my window open to look out for them.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

8. in a while:一会儿,过不久

    be shocked to do something:为某事感到震惊

 

“In a while I saw Heathcliff walking through the gate. I was shocked to see him alone.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

9. sharply:adv.(声音)刺耳的,尖厉的

 

“'Where's Catherine?' I cried sharply.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

10. wake someone up:吵醒某人

 

“'Don't wake the master up!' I whispered. ”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》


11. nonsense:n. 胡说,废话

      look in:往里看

 

“Nonsense, Ellen! Guess what we saw when we looked in at their sitting-room window?”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:如果别人说了一堆你觉得不对的话,你可以用“nonsense”来回复TA,简单明了。

 

词组“make (a) nonsense of something”,用来表示“使……失去意义”。

 

例如:

The fighting made a nonsense of peace pledges made last week.(这场战斗使上周做出的和平承诺失去了意义。)

 

12. would love to:(表示喜欢,愿意)很想

 

“Catherine and I would love to have a room like that!”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

13. fight over...:为……争吵

 

“But in the middle of this beautiful room, Isabella and Edgar Linton were screaming and fighting over a little dog!”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》


14. wicked:adj. 邪恶的,坏的;令人讨厌的

      fool:n. 傻瓜

 

“I would rather be here at Wuthering Heights with her, even if I'm punished by Joseph and that wicked Hindley, than at Thrushcross Grange with those two fools!”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

15. be about to do something:刚要做某事,正打算做某事

      run away:逃跑

   

“We were about to run away, when a great fierce dog caught Catherine's leg in its teeth.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》


16. let go of:松开

     the 姓氏(复数):某某一家

     catch hold of:抓住

 

“I attacked it, and made it let go of her leg, but the Lintons' servants appeared and caught hold of me.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

17. robber:n. 强盗

      thief:n. 小偷

 

“They must have thought we were robbers.”

 

“What a wicked pair of thieves!”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:robber和thief虽然都指“贼”,但还是有细微差别。

 

“robber”指以暴力或威胁手段强行夺去他人财物的人。

而“thief”指偷偷摸摸窃取他人财物的人。

 

另外“burglar”专指夜间撬窗破门进行行窃的人。

 

18. all the time:始终,一直

      swear at:咒骂,诅咒

 

“We wanted to see if Isabella and Edgar Linton are punished all the time by their parents, as we are.”

 

“All the time I was shouting and swearing at them.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

19. in horror:惊恐

      at the sight of:看见……

 

“Mrs Linton raised her hands in horror at the sight of me.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

20. in church:在教堂

 

“I've seen her in church occasionally.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:同学们有没有想过“in church”和“in the church”有什么区别?

 

前者强调“去教堂做礼拜”,后者只是表示“在教堂里”,可能去教堂里有别的事情。

 

同理,“in hospital”表示“住院”,而“in the hospital”则指“在医院里”,可能是去看望病人,可能去取药,也可能是去借厕所。

 

在平常的表达中可要注意区分呀~

 

21. badly:adv. 严重地

 

“And look what our dog has done to her leg! It's bleeding badly!”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:“badly”表示“严重地”,“bleeding badly”可以理解为“流了很多血”。


22. bandage:n. 绷带

      at once:立刻

 

“I'd better put a bandage on her leg at once.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

23. run around:东奔西跑,到处乱跑

 

“Why does her brother Hindley let her run around with such a companion?”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

24. bad language:脏话

 

“And did you hear the bad language he used just now?”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

25. push out:把(某人)推出去,逐出,撵走

 

“I was pushed out into the garden, but I stayed to watch through the window.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

26. a breath of:一股……的气息

 

“She's a breath of fresh air for those stupid Lintons.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:在读后感里看到有同学这么理解:“她是林顿家族的一股清流”,笔者觉得没毛病!


27. or:conj. 否则(引导一个表示警告的从句)

 

“Hindley warned Heathcliff that he must never speak to Catherine again, or he would be sent away from Wuthering Heights, ...”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

28. manners:n. [复数] 规矩;礼仪,风度

 

“By that time her leg was fine, and her manners were much better than before.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

29. so that:所以

 

“...so that when she finally came home after her long absence, she almost seemed a different person.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:“so that”连在一起时,表示“所以;以便”,而“so... that...”表示“如此……以至于……”,要注意区分。

 

30. instead of:而不是

 

“Instead of a wild, hatless girl, we saw a beautiful, carefully dressed young lady.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

拓展:我们来看一下“instead of”和“instead”的区别:

 

instead of是介词短语,放在句中;instead是副词,放在句首或句末。

 

试比较:

He watched TV instead of seeing a film.

He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV.


 

语法点


1. “We wanted to see if Isabella and Edgar Linton are punished all the time by their parents, as we are.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:if用于间接疑问句,表示“是否”。

 

我们来看下if和whether的用法区别。

 

whether和if都可以用于引导间接疑问句。在本句中,if也可替换为whether。在正式文体中,如果疑问句由两部分构成并且带or,通常用whether。

 

例如:

Whether it turns out to be a good idea or a bad idea, we'll find out.(它到底是个好主意还是坏主意我们很快会见分晓。)

 

当以疑问词开头的从句做主语或者补语时,通常也用whether。

 

需要注意的是,在两种情况下,我们只能用whether。

 

一是介词后。

 

例如:argument about whether we should...(我们是否应该……的争论);

 

二是带to的动词不定式前。

 

例如:whether to go out or stay at home(是出门还是待在家)。


2. “How stupid they are.”

    “What a wicked pair of thieves!”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:英语感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)用以表示说话人的强烈感情,如喜悦,痛苦,赞叹,焦急,犹豫,厌恶,惊奇,愤怒,懊恼等。

 

感叹句常由what/how构成。

 

感叹形容词what常与名词短语连用。

 

例如:

What great news this is!(这消息真是太好了!)

 

how常作感叹副词,在句中作状语以强调形容词或动词。


3. “We were about to run away, when a great fierce dog caught Catherine's leg in its teeth. ”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:这里出现了多个形容词修饰一个名词的情况:a great fierce dog。

 

一般情况下,在意义上和名词关系最密切的词最靠近该名词。

 

有一句口诀来帮助记忆这个知识点:“美小圆旧黄,法国木书房”。

 

“美”表示特性或性质,如:good,pretty,great;

“小”表示大小、长短、高低,如:little,big,long;

“圆”表示形态、形状,如:round,square;

“旧”表示新旧、年龄,如:young,old;

“黄”表示颜色,如:red,white,blue;

“法国”表示国籍、地区,如:British,southern;

“木”表示物质,材料,如:wooden,woolen;

“书房”就是你要修饰的名词啦。

 

也就是说,除了冠词、序/基数词外,形容词按照上述顺序修饰名词。

 

看了这么多,我们来实战一下。

 

“一件又脏又旧的褐色衬衫”怎么说?

 

答案:a dirty old brown shirt

 

大家看看是不是符合我们的口诀呢?


4. “Everybody who sees her must love her, mustn't they, Ellen?” 

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:这里来讲一个知识点:反意疑问句。

 

当我们说出一个观点,希望听听别人的意见时,就会使用反意疑问句。

 

给大家简单介绍几个常见的规则:

 

1)前肯后否,前否后肯。

 

也就是说,如果前面是否定句,问句就用肯定,反之亦然。

 

例如:

You didn't love me, did you?(你不爱我,对吧?)

She is a student, isn't she?(她是个学生,对吗?)

 

需要注意的是,never,hardly,seldom,rarely,few,nothing等具有否定意义的词,以及带有否定前缀的单词,也属于“否定”的概念。

 

例如:

You never get up early, do you?(你从不早起,对吧?)

 

2)反意疑问句的主语应与陈述部分一致,且只能是代词。

 

例如:

[误]Catherine likes running around with Heathcliff, doesn't Catherine?

[正]Catherine likes running around with Heathcliff, doesn't she?

 

如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词,那么问句部分要用相应的人称代词。

 

例如:

That is a cat, isn't it?(那是只猫,是吗?)

 

特殊情况:当陈述部分是I'm时,反意疑问句通常用aren't I。

 

3)由动词原形引导的祈使句,其附加疑问句一般用“will you”。

 

例如:

Read the text, will you?(请读课文,好吗?)

 

注意区分由Let's 和 let us引导句子的反意疑问句。Let us是请求对方“让我们……”,意为“you let us.”。

 

试比较:

 

Let's have a meeting, shall we?(我们开会吧,好吗?)

Let us go home, will you?(让我们回家吧,好吗?)


 

情节梳理


1. “How stupid they are, Ellen! If Catherine wanted something, I would give it to her, and she would do the same for me.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:这句话是Heathcliff在看到Linton兄妹为一只小狗又吵又闹后说出的话,Heathcliff和Catherine两小无猜青梅竹马,这句稚嫩的话语已经显示出两人之间的爱慕。

 

喜欢不就是“我有两颗糖,一颗给你吃,另一颗看着你吃”吗?笔者觉得超甜的~


2. “Catherine opened her eyes, and Edgar looked closely at her.”

    “'Mother,' he whispered, 'the young lady is Miss Earnshaw, of Wuthering Heights. I've seen her in church occasionally. And look what our dog has done to her leg! It's bleeding badly!''

    “She stayed with the Linton family at Thrushcross Grange for five weeks, until Christmas.”

     “Instead of a wild, hatless girl, we saw a beautiful, carefully dressed young lady.”

原文出处:《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》

 

解读:这是书中Catherine和Edgar第一次见面的场景。

 

Catherine血流不止,Edgar满是心疼。笔者不经想起了《还珠格格》里五阿哥第一次见到小燕子的场景是怎么回事……

 

Anyway,Catherine在Edgar家度过了愉快的五周,回到家时已经变成了一个漂漂亮亮、穿戴仔细的淑女。

 

Catherine和Edgar的关系是否有进一步发展?Heathcliff在没有Catherine陪伴的五周里过得怎么样呢?先卖个关子,敬请往下看啦。


 

思考一下


为什么要强调现在的Catherine是个“戴帽子”的淑女呢?

 

解读:在Thrushcross Grange发生意外前,Catherine常和Heathcliff在一起玩耍,淘气任性,无法无天,穿戴也十分随性。而被Mrs Linton调教五周回家后,开始注意穿着,行为得体。“戴帽子”是淑女的特点之一,符合当时社会对淑女的认识,大家也就认为Catherine被调教得很成功。

 

再来说下帽子,各式各样的帽子对英国的淑女们来说非常重要,出席重要场合时,除了要挑选合适的礼服,也要费脑筋搭配合适的帽子,让自己更出彩。

 

追溯她们戴帽子的原因,还得从英国特殊的天气说起。大家都知道,工业革命时期英国污染严重,常常下雨,并且天气翻脸比翻书还快。上一秒还是阳光明媚,下一秒就乌云密布了。传统的英国绅士习惯随身携带一把长柄雨伞,而爱美又优雅的英国女士,则会带上一顶帽子。夏日可以抵挡阳光,冬日可以保暖防寒。

 

而如今,虽然英国人戴帽子的原因不再和天气有重要联系,但帽子却成为了女士不可或缺的配饰,也逐渐成为时尚界的宠儿。

 

来欣赏下英国女王戴帽子的优雅:




导读参考答案



1. 老欧肖去世后,Catherine和Heathcliff的境遇有何不同?

 

参考答案:

 

《第四章 凯瑟琳·欧肖认识了林顿一家(一)》中提到“Catherine and Heathcliff were treated very differently. Catherine received presents, and could continue her lessons, but Heathcliff was made to work on the farm with the men, and, as a farm worker, was only allowed to eat with us in the back-kitchen.”

 

也就是说,Catherine收到礼物,可以继续学习,但Heathcliff被遣去和男人们一起在农庄干活,只能被允许和Ellen等仆人在后面厨房一起吃饭。

 

2. Catherine和Heathcliff透过Linton家起居室的窗户看到了什么?

 

参考答案:

 

从起居室的窗户望进去,能看到一个很漂亮的房间,Isabella和Edgar在房间里因为一条小狗又吵又闹。

 

“Guess what we saw when we looked in at their sitting-room window? A very pretty room, with soft carpets and white walls... But in the middle of this beautiful room, Isabella and Edgar Linton were screaming and fighting over a little dog!”



明日导读


1. Ellen是如何鼓励Heathcliff的?

 

2. 晚上巡回乐队来演奏音乐时,Catherine去哪儿了?

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