撰文：邹世辉 所属专栏：研之成理写作实验室
前言：
在Results & Discussion里面，总是免不了要和对照组或者文献比一比，那么除了倍数关系，还有哪些句型可以用于比较？
A. 最常见的当然是比较级和最高级
Reaction rate measurements confirmed that the hydrogenation of N-hydroxylaniline on EDA-Pt NWs was much slower than that on Pt black, although the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene occurred at a similar rate on both catalysts. (Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 564-571)
To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power conversion efficiency reported so far for organic or hybrid inorganic–organic solar cells and one of the highest for any solution-processed photovoltaic device. (Nature 2013, 499, 316–319)
The Au-Pd/TiO2 catalyst does clearly have more support/particle periphery sites relative to the Au-Pd/C catalyst, by virtue of its flatter, better wetting interface. （Science 2011, 331, 195-199）
注：这里面的介词和介词短语值得关注，除了than之外，over, relative to, with respective to, as compared with等词也经常会用于对比的句子当中
例如：Importantly, acyclic alkenes also serve as effective allyl coupling partners in this protocol while generally exhibiting high levels of regiocontrol with respect to the C–C bond forming step. （Nature 2014, 519, 74–77）
B. weaken, enhance, superior, inferior, comparable, simialr, supress等词可以用作比较
As compared with bare Pt NWs, the adsorption free energies of nitrobenzene, nitrosobenzene and N-hydroxylaniline on the EDA-decorated Pt NWs were weakened by 0.72, 0.61 and 1.30eV, respectively. (Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 564-571)
As compared with the unmodified catalyst (Fig. 4b and Supplementary Fig. 28), the modified Pt black exhibited significantly enhanced selectivities towards the N-hydroxylaniline derivatives. (Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 564-571)
In line with the SC-to-MTP transformation, those samples exhibit superior catalytic performance than Au/SiO2-26%. （J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 13740-13748）
Any other ligand system tested so far (e.g., P(C6H5)3, diphosphane ligands) is inferior under comparable conditions. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 1290–1309)
Furthermore, the BCNFNHs have an ORR onset potential comparable to that of the Pt/C catalyst in acidic solution. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137, 1436–1439)
Zn addition to Ag significantly suppresses the melting point to 710 °C at 25 wt % Zn. (Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 3046)
C. 除了对比词之外，并列句型也可以表达对比的意思
In the doublet ground-state ofAl8O12· the spin is exclusively localized at one terminaloxygen atom, while in the triplet ground-state of Al7O11 the spin is distributed among four bridging oxygen atoms.
For instance, if product is only formed by a closed catalytic loop, then optimization of the structural and electrochemical properties of the photocatalyst might be expected to strongly impact the efficiency of catalyst turnover. On the other hand, if chain reactions dominate product formation, then reaction variables that increase the rate of chain propagation or decrease the rate of chain termination should have a large effect even if they do not impact the activity of the catalyst itself. （Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 5426-5434）
更极端一点的情况，还会用到“与...相反”这样的对比，参见：SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(五)，可以采用On the contrary, in contrast, contrary to等词
D. 在对比时，除了句型是需要注意外，其实副词也很值得关注，比如significantly, slightly, remarkably, drastically, dramatically等等,大家在看文献的时候多多留意，在写文章的时候也有可能会用上
例如：A comparative study on the catalytic activities of the Au, Au-GO, and Au-rGO composites in the reduction of o-nitroaniline to 1,2-benzenediamine by NaBH4 indicates that both Au-GO and Au-rGO composites exhibit significantly higher catalytic activities than the corresponding Au nanoparticles. （Nanoscale, 2010, 2, 2733-2738）
Moreover, the rate of turbidity increase was drastically higher in the catalysed samples, with the highest rate observed for the acid-catalysed sample, reaching a maximum absorbance within 60 minutes. （Nature Chemistry 2013, 5, 433–437）
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