情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪,态度和语气。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,是每年高考的热点也是难点。下面一起来看看这些题中对情态动词的误用。希望对大家有所帮助。
1.校长还在考虑你说的问题吗?
误:May the headmaster still be thinking about the questions you raised?
正:Can the headmaster still be thinking about the questions you raised?
解析:在肯定陈述句和否定陈述句中,分别可用may ,can 来表示可能性,但表示可能性时,may不能放在句首引导疑问句,can则可直接引出疑问句。
2.昨天你不该不骑自行车就出去,难怪你迟到了。
误:you should not go out without a bicycle yesterday.No wonder you were late.
正:you should not have gone out without a bicycle yesterday.No wonder you were late.
解析:注意本例谈的是过去的一件事。过去本该做某事而没有做到。要用should+不定式完成体。
3.汤姆善长德语,所以能通过期末考试。
误:Tom was good at German,so he could pass the Final Examination.
正:Tom was good at German,so he was able to pass the Final Examination.
解析:could 和was/were able to都可以表示过去的能力,一般说来could表示总的习惯性的能力,但不用来表示过去具体情况下特定发生的行为。was/were able to可表示特定的某一能力,且动作,实际已发生成为事实。
4.我没有听见电话响,准是我睡着了。
误:I didn''t here the pone, I must be asleep.
正::I didn''t here the pone, I must have bene asleep.
解析:此句谈论的过去行为。所以应该用完成时表示过去某动作一定发生。
5.“你认为他很懒散吗?”“我曾经这么想过,但现在没了”
误: “Do you think he is lazy?” “I can have thought so once, but I don’t now.”
正: “Do you think he is lazy?” “I may have thought so once, but I don’t now.”
解析:从答话人的语境可知,空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”,即对过去情况作推测,故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”;又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句。所以应该用may.
6.如果没有客车,我们就得步行回家吗?
误:Must we go home on foot if there are no buses?
正:Shall we have to go home on foot if there are no buses?
解析:must和have to做”必须“讲时,往往可以互换,但本例的必须不是出自主观的愿望和要求,而是外界条件所迫,同时又是以将来时的疑问形式表达的,所以需用shall have to 来表示。
7.你可能是对的,但我不认为你对。
误: You can be right, but I don’t think you are.
正: You could be right, but I don’t think you are
解析:许多同学想当然地,认为整个句子为现在时态,所以用can,而不选过去式 could,但是最佳答案却是could。按照英语语法,情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,而不用于肯定句中;但 could 用于表推测时,却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句,也可用于肯定句,且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式,与 can 也没有时间上的差别,只是 could 比 can语气更委婉,所以答案选B。
8.“我什么时候可以来取相片?我明天下午要用它“ ”按说他们会在中午12弄好“
误:“When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. “ ''They can be ready by 12:00.”
正:“When can I come for the photos?''I need them tomorrow afternoon. ” ''They should be ready by 12:00.”
解析:表推测时can通常不用于肯定句中。这句话句子意思是顾客下午要照片,此时店主显然应用比较肯定的语气,表示按理说会在12点准备好。should表示按道理推测,比较有根据的推测。
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