Obese five-year-olds showing warning signs of stroke and heart disease: research
研究报告：五岁儿童的肥胖症预示着中风和心脏病的危险信号
Obese children as young as five are showing dangerous signs of ill health that can dramatically increase their risk of a stroke or heart attack later in life, researchers have warned.
研究人员们警告，五岁大的肥胖症儿童正预示着不健康的危险信号，将导致以后中风或心脏病症的风险显著增加。
A review of research has found that young children who are obese or overweight already have raised blood pressure, cholesterol and other factors that can increase their chances of having a stroke or heart attack by up to 40 per cent.
研究报告已经发现，得肥胖症或超重的幼儿，其血压、胆固醇或其他增加他们罹患中风或心脏病的机率将增加百分之四十。
Experts said the findings were much more dramatic than had been expected and were extremely worrying.
专家们声称，这些调查结果远超预料，并且令人极度担忧。
The findings, from Oxford University, were published online by the British Medical Journal.
来自牛津大学的这些调查结果由《不列颠医学杂志》发表在网络上。
It study comes as New York City passes a ban on large-size sugary drinks to help tackle obesity and related health problems in the US. MPs are now calling on the government to introduce similar legislation in the UK.
研究源于纽约市通过的高糖份饮料禁令，这一举措旨在帮助美国的肥胖和相关健康问题。国会议员们正在呼吁政府在英国引入类似的法令。
The team analysed the results of 63 studies involving 49,220 healthy children aged between five and 15 years old.
研究团队分析了涉及49220名5至15岁健康儿童的63份研究成果。
The studies measured weight and one or more known cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and blood glucose levels.
这些研究测算体重和一个或多个已知的心血管疾病风险因素，例如高血压、高胆固醇和高血糖。
Body mass index is a calculation of weight divided by height squared, with a figure of between 25 and 30 classed as overweight and more than 30 as obese.
体质指数是体重除以身高的平方的计算结果，当数值介于25和30间时被归类为超重，而超过30时则为肥胖症。
In an accompanying editorial, Lee Hudson and Russell Viner at the UCL Institute of Child Health in London, say this review “provides a stark illustration of the probable threat that childhood obesity poses to disease burden in the population.”
位于伦敦的伦敦大学学院儿童健康协会的李·哈德森和拉塞尔·维纳在编者按中说，这份报告“鲜明地展现了儿童肥胖症将给人们带来疾病负担的极可能的威胁。”
Official figures show that in 2010/11, a third of children aged ten and 11 were either overweight or obese.
官方数据显示，截止2010年11月，三分之一的十至十一岁儿童超重或患上肥胖症。
Dr Carl Heneghan, reader in evidence-based medicine at the University of Oxford and a co-author on the paper, said: "The relationship between obesity in children and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure was much greater than we anticipated.
卡尔·黑勒格汉，牛津大学循证医学研究者和本论文的合著者，声称：“儿童中肥胖与诸如血压之类的心血管疾病风险因素之间关系紧密，远超我们预计。”
"The magnitude of the effect of obesity upon increasing cardiovascular risk in children is deeply worrying in terms of their future risks of heart disease.
鉴于心血管疾病风险在儿童中不断增加，肥胖症的影响程度正令人深深地担忧他们未来的心脏病方面的风险。
"Obesity is one of today’s most visible, yet highly preventable health problems. The good news is these risk factors can readily be reversed with exercise, good diet, and maintaining a health a weight. Based on what we have found policymakers should make the epidemic of obesity in children as a priority for urgent public health action."
“肥胖症是当今最明显，也最容易预防的健康问题。”好消息是，这些风险因素容易被锻炼、健康饮食和保持健康体重所克服。基于我们所知，决策者应视儿童中肥胖的蔓延为最首要的急迫公共健康行动。
Dr Matthew Thompson, reader in primary health care at the University of Oxford, said: "Being overweight as a child is more than just about appearance – many children's hearts and blood vessels are already getting damaged when they are overweight or obese.
马修·汤普生，牛津大学初级保健护理研究者，说：“作为孩子，体重上的超标远超过在外表上的——当孩子们的超重或得肥胖症时，他们的心脏和血管已经到达了危险的程度。
"Young people, their parents and doctors, and our politicians are in this together – we need to find better ways that we can put a stop to the obesity epidemic. New York's banning of oversized sodas is exactly the type of public health intervention we need at this point.
“年轻人，他们的父母，我们的政治家们团结在一起——我们需要找到更好的办法以阻止肥胖症的蔓延。从这个意义上讲，纽约的过量苏打水禁令，这种对公共健康的介入正是这种我们所需要。
"Knowing that your heart and blood vessels are already damaged by being overweight or obese might help children and their parents put changes in place to change eating and lifestyle habits."
“了解你的心脏和血管已经被超重或肥胖症所危及，或许能帮助儿童们和家长们把零钱用到改变饮食和生活习惯的地方上。"
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