母乳喂养的秘密：生成大量的双核细胞

2016年4月26日讯/生物谷BIOON/--沃尔特和伊莱扎霍尔研究所的研究人员发现了哺乳期有丰富的奶产量的秘密之一。他们的研究表明，乳腺细胞发育了两个细胞核可以作为乳房开关来哺育新生儿。这种变化在怀孕后期发生，生成大量的两核细胞。

Jane Visvader教授和研究人员发现这些两核细胞在哺乳期停止后就消失了，乳腺细胞回归到单个核状态。该文近期发表在《自然通讯》杂志上。

Rios博士和Fu博士使用独特的三维成像技术发现大量的细胞变成双核细胞，这一过程是奶产量的关键。

Visvader教授说这个过程只在哺乳期间持续， 当母乳是唯一的营养来源时，母乳对对新生儿的发育生长具有重要意义。

“我们知道，这些细胞是生产母乳的地方，”Visvader教授说。“有趣的是它们会根据一个非常严格的监管制度进行改变，它们发育了两个细胞核不是三核、四核，然后回归到断乳后的单核状态。可以假定这对避免发生问题来说是非常重要的。”

Lindeman教授说，研究表明哺乳动物（包括人类，小袋鼠和海豹）准备适应怀孕最好的方式是支持婴儿的生存。

“这些发现表明，根据五个不同的物种的存在， 这个过程在哺乳动物中已经进化成为一种机制来最大限度的提高奶产量，这对哺育新生儿和哺乳动物物种是必不可少的。”他说。（生物谷Bioon.com）

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A new secret to the miracle of breast milk revealed

One of the secrets to rich milk production in lactation has been uncovered by researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute. Their studies have revealed that breast cells develop two nuclei as the breast switches on lactation to nurture the newborn. 

This change begins to occur in late pregnancy with the generation of vast numbers of cells with two nuclei.  The research was led by Professor Jane Visvader, Professor Geoff Lindeman, Dr Anne Rios and Dr Nai Yang Fu, from the institute's ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, and shows that these cells with two nuclei disappear at the cessation of lactation, when breast cells return to a single nucleus state. It is published today in the journal Nature Communications. 

Using unique 3-D imaging technology Dr Rios and Dr Fu found huge numbers of cells became binucleated -- developed a second nucleus -- a process that is critical to milk production.  Professor Visvader said the process -- which lasts only for the duration of lactation -- was important for the newborn to thrive when breast milk was the sole nutrient.  "We know that these cells are milk-producing factories,"

Professor Visvader said. "What is interesting to find is they change according to a very tightly regulated regime -- they develop two nuclei, not three of four and then return to one nucleus after lactation. Presumably this is important to avoid mishaps."  Institute co-researcher Professor Lindeman said the research showed how mammals, including humans, wallabies and seals, were primed to adapt to pregnancy in ways that best supported the survival of their babies.  "Based on their presence in five different species, these findings suggest that this process has evolved in mammals as a mechanism to maximise milk production, which is essential for nourishing the newborn and the survival of mammalian species," he said. 

This research was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Cure Cancer Australia, the Australian Cancer Research Foundation and the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Program.